Environmental Archaeology
Höfundur:
Dena F. Dincauze (Útgáfa: 1)
Kaup valmöguleikar
Archaeologists today need a wide range of scientific approaches in order to delineate and interpret the ecology of their sites. Dena Dincauze has written an authoritative and essential guide to a variety of archaeological methods, ranging from techniques for measuring time with isotopes and magnetism to the sciences of climate reconstruction, geomorphology, sedimentology, soil science, paleobotany and faunal paleoecology.
Professor Dincauze insists that borrowing concepts from other disciplines demands a critical understanding of their theoretical roots. Moreover, the methods that are chosen must be appropriate to particular sets of data. The applications of the methods needed for an holistic human-ecology approach in archaeology are illustrated by examples ranging from the Paleolithic, through classical civilizations, to recent urban archaeology.
Nánar um bókina
- Cambridge University Press
- 9780511889486
- 9780521310772
- Page Fidelity (PDF)
- 1
- Dena F. Dincauze
- English
- 2000-08-17
- 10
- 5
- 5
Kaflar
- Title
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of figures
- List of tables
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Glossary
- Part I Introduction
- 1 Environmental archaeology and human ecology
- Organization of this volume
- Interdependence
- Elaborating culture
- Goals of paleoenvironmental studies
- 2 Concepts for paleoenvironmental reconstruction
- Paleoenvironmental reconstruction in archaeology
- Causation and systemic relationships
- The emerging challenge to causal thinking
- 3 Mechanisms of environmental change
- Geographic concepts
- Climatic concepts
- Environmental change in external factors
- Environmental change in the five spheres
- 4 Human responses to environmental change
- Scales of environmental change
- Human strategic options
- Implications for environmental archaeology
- Part II Chronology
- 5 I ntroduction to chronometry and correlation
- Measuring time
- Calibration
- Seasonal clocks and biological rhythms
- Stratification and stratigraphy
- Chronometry based on diagenetic changes
- Summary
- 6 Measuring time with isotopes and magnetism
- Chronometry based on radioactive decay
- Chronometry based on radiation damage
- Chronometry based on cosmogenic nuclides
- Chronometry based on the Earth’s magnetic field
- Summary
- Case Study: The elusiveness of time
- Part III Climate
- 7 Climate: The driving forces
- Scales in time and space
- Factors operating at large (mega- and macro-) scales
- Factors at macro- to micro-scales
- Mechanisms involved in a meso-scale climatic reversal
- Coda
- 8 Climate reconstruction
- Defining climate at large scales
- Defining climate at meso- and micro-scales
- Coda
- Case Study: When is an environmental change a climatic change?
- Part IV Geomorphology
- 9 Landforms
- Introduction to geomorphology
- Scales of landform analyses
- Processes and concepts in landform analyses
- Basic geomorphological methods
- Landforms at mega- and macro-scales ( 104km2; 106–9 years)
- Landforms at meso-scales ( 104km2)
- Landforms at micro-scale ( 1km2)
- 10 Landforms of shores and shallowwater
- Coastal geomorphic concepts and processes
- Methods of landform reconstruction
- Coastal landforms with archaeological sites
- Coda
- Case Study: Landform reconstruction at Laetoli, Tanzania
- Part V Sediments and soils
- 11 basic principles of sedimentology and soils science
- Introductory concepts
- Study techniques in sedimentology
- Pedogenesis and diagenesis
- Soil science
- Coda
- 12 Archaeological matrices
- Messages in the matrix
- Terrestrial matrices
- Wet and frozen site environments
- Coda
- Case Study: Did the Classical civilizations destroy their own a gricultural lands?
- Part VI Vegetation
- 13 Concepts and methods in paleobotany
- Macrobotanical remains (Plantae and Fungi)
- Microbotanical remains: pollen and spores
- Microbotanical remains in mineral form
- Chemical traces and proxy data
- Coda
- 14 Vegetation in paleoecology
- Assembling the database
- Scales of reconstruction
- Communities in paleoecology
- Landscapes with people
- Plants in people
- Discussion
- Case Study: The paleoecology of the elm decline
- Part VII Fauna
- 15 Faunal paleoenvironments: concepts and methods
- AnimalKingdom
- Vertebrates
- Invertebrates
- Coda
- 16 Faunal paleoecology
- Reconstructing faunal environments
- From assemblages to associations
- Responses to habitat change: behavior and physiology
- Coda
- 17 Humans among animals
- Human effects in animal ecosystems
- Animals as human foods
- Paleopathology
- Coda
- Case Study:Howdowe read these bones? Seasons of use at Star Carr
- Part VIII Integration
- 18 Anthropocentric paleoecology
- The many variables of environmental studies
- Implications for research practice
- Example of successful integration and interpretation
- Afuture for paleoenvironmental studies
- References
- Index