Ecological Restoration

Höfundur: Susan M. Galatowitsch (Útgáfa: 0)
Ecological Restoration

Kaup valmöguleikar

Ecological Restoration provides a comprehensive overview of the strategies being used around the world to reverse human impacts to landscapes, ecosystems, and species. This book aims to improve the outcomes of restoration practice by strengthening the connections between ecological concepts and real-world decision-making: students explore each topic considering both research-based knowledge and lessons learned from nineteen actual restorations.

Details of these ecological restorations, from underwater reefs to mines in hot deserts, are woven into each chapter, presented as case studies, and used in exercises. Because introductory ecological restoration courses are taken by undergraduate students from a wide variety of academic backgrounds, the book explains and applies basic concepts from many supporting fields that serve as the foundation for practice, including ecology, conservation biology, earth and water sciences, environmental design, and public policy.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Oxford University Press Academic US
ISBN
9781605354040
Print ISBN
9780878936076
Format
Page Fidelity (PDF)
Útgáfa
0
Höfundar
Susan M. Galatowitsch
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2012-03-01
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100

Kaflar

  • Ecological Restoration
  • About the Cover
  • Dedication
  • Brief Contents
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • Part I Restoration Process
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Human-Caused Ecological Change
  • 1.2 The Historical Roots of Ecological Restoration
  • Colonial solutions for new realms
  • Soil and water protection
  • Restoring natural heritage
  • Community-based restoration
  • 1.3 Defining Ecological Restoration
  • 1.4 Motivations and Incentives for Ecological Restoration
  • Cultural drivers
  • Economic drivers
  • Demographic drivers
  • Technological drivers
  • Sociopolitical drivers
  • 1.5 Major Purposes of Ecological Restoration
  • Species-based restoration
  • Restoration of ecosystem function
  • Restoration of ecosystem services
  • A comprehensive framework
  • Summary
  • Apply What You’ve Learned
  • Chapter 2 Diagnosis and Goal Setting
  • 2.1 Building Conceptual Ecological Models
  • 2.2 Drivers of Ecological Change
  • Habitat conversion
  • Pollution
  • Overexploitation
  • Species introductions
  • Climate change
  • Natural drivers
  • 2.3 Ecological Effects
  • Population declines
  • Effects of habitat fragmentation
  • Spread of introduced species
  • Species interactions
  • Disturbances and succession
  • Ecosystem decline
  • 2.4 Assessing Current Conditions
  • Ecoregions
  • Landscape analysis
  • Site analysis
  • Species analysis
  • 2.5 Synoptic Assessment of Ecological Resilience
  • Resilience and response to stress
  • Resilience classification schemes
  • 2.6 Establishing Goals for Ecological Restoration
  • Approaches to goal setting
  • Crafting SMART goals
  • Goal setting for large-scale and high-risk restorations
  • Using and refining goals during the restoration process
  • Summary
  • Apply What You’ve Learned
  • Chapter 3 Planning
  • 3.1 Components of a Restoration Plan
  • 3.2 Planners and Stakeholders
  • 3.3 Scope of Planning
  • 3.4 Overview of the Planning Process
  • 3.5 Selecting and Building Scenarios
  • Selecting scenarios
  • Building scenarios
  • 3.6 Evaluating Alternative Futures
  • 3.7 Investigating Restoration Techniques
  • Identifying potentially suitable techniques
  • Restoration strategies and resilience
  • 3.8 Assessing the Feasibility of Proposed Restoration Plans
  • 3.9 Using and Refining Plans
  • Summary
  • Apply What You’ve Learned
  • Chapter 4 Social and Institutional Support
  • 4.1 Societal Mechanisms for Creating Restoration Opportunities
  • Legal mechanisms
  • Economic mechanisms
  • Social and behavioral mechanisms
  • 4.2 Organizations Engaged in Ecological Restorations
  • Government
  • Education, business, and industry
  • Nongovernmental organizations
  • Community-based organizations
  • 4.3 Establishing and Sustaining Community-Based Organizations
  • Launching a community-based organization
  • Leadership and governance
  • Financial planning and fundraising
  • Volunteers, staff, and project management
  • Collaborating with other organizations
  • 4.4 Organizational Resilience
  • Situation awareness
  • Management of keystone vulnerabilities
  • Adaptive capacity
  • Summary
  • Apply What You’ve Learned
  • Chapter 5 Monitoring and Evaluation
  • 5.1 Adaptive Management
  • 5.2 Choosing Monitoring Parameters
  • 5.3 Monitoring Protocols
  • Data collection methods
  • Timing, frequency, and duration
  • Spatial issues
  • 5.4 Interpreting Monitoring Data
  • Comparisons to reference sites
  • Data analysis
  • Using data for decision making
  • 5.5 Managing Project Records and Monitoring Data Sets
  • Case histories
  • Data management
  • 5.6 Planning Monitoring Logistics
  • Summary
  • Apply What You’ve Learned
  • Part II Restoration Approaches
  • Chapter 6 Landforms and Hydrology
  • 6.1 Wind
  • Wind-shaped landforms
  • Human alterations to aeolian processes
  • Restoration of wind-eroded landscapes
  • 6.2 Surface Runoff and Erosion
  • Water movement through landscapes
  • Human alterations to surface runoff
  • Restoration approaches for reducing surface runoff and soil erosion
  • 6.3 Groundwater
  • Groundwater movement
  • Human alterations to groundwater supplies
  • Restoration of groundwater flow systems
  • 6.4 Inland Wetland and Lake Hydrology
  • Hydrology of wetlands and lakes
  • Human alterations to wetland hydrology
  • Restoration of wetland hydrology
  • 6.5 River Hydrology and Landforms
  • Processes that shape rivers
  • Human alterations to river landforms and hydrology
  • Restoration approaches for rivers
  • 6.6 Estuarine and Marine Environments
  • Landforms and hydrology in coastal environments
  • Human alterations to coastal landforms and hydrology
  • Restoration of estuarine and marine landforms and hydrology
  • 6.7 Monitoring Landform and Hydrologic Change in Response to Restoration Action
  • Summary
  • Apply What You’ve Learned
  • Chapter 7 Soil and Water Quality
  • 7.1 The Critical Zone
  • Environments within the critical zone
  • Biogeochemical cycles
  • Biota in the critical zone
  • Human-caused changes to biogeochemical cycles
  • 7.2 Rebuilding Impoverished Soils
  • Soil recovery and revegetation
  • Topsoil handling and application
  • Accelerating soil development
  • 7.3 Reducing Nutrient Levels in Overenriched Soils
  • 7.4 Remediating Toxic Soils
  • Contaminant sources
  • Treatments for soil acidity and salinity
  • Treatments for metals and organic toxins
  • 7.5 Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment
  • 7.6 Reversing Eutrophication in Aquatic Systems
  • Eutrophication in marine and coastal ecosystems
  • Eutrophication in freshwater lakes and rivers
  • 7.7 Remediating Toxins in Surface Waters
  • Treatments for acidity and metals
  • Treatments for oil spills
  • 7.8 Monitoring Changes in Water and Soil Quality
  • Monitoring water quality
  • Monitoring soil quality
  • Summary
  • Apply What You’ve Learned
  • Chapter 8 Plants
  • 8.1 Facilitating Natural Recolonization
  • Propagule sources for natural recolonization
  • Promoting establishment
  • Nurse plants and catalysts
  • Limitations of natural recolonization
  • 8.2 Invasive Plant Control
  • Landscape-level invasive plant control
  • Site-based invasive plant control
  • Herbicide use in ecological restoration
  • Devising and implementing an invasive plant control strategy
  • 8.3 General Considerations for Planting and Seeding
  • Species selection
  • Plants or seeds?
  • Sources of seeds and plants
  • Cultivar use in ecological restoration
  • 8.4 Using Seeds for Revegetation
  • Seeds in topsoil transfers
  • Designing seed mixes
  • Seeding rates
  • Seed collecting
  • Seed cleaning and storage
  • Dormancy and germination
  • Seed quality
  • Seeding methods
  • 8.5 Using Plants for Revegetation
  • Nursery-produced plants
  • Vegetative transplants
  • Planting plans
  • Plant installation
  • 8.6 Restoring Microbial Mutualists
  • 8.7 Establishing and Managing Plant Communities
  • 8.8 Monitoring Restored Plant Communities and Populations
  • Summary
  • Apply What You’ve Learned
  • Chapter 9 Invertebrates
  • 9.1 Invertebrate Habitat
  • 9.2 Selecting Focal Invertebrates
  • 9.3 Habitat Restoration
  • Habitat structure
  • Habitat heterogeneity
  • Landscape-scale stressors
  • Single-species considerations
  • 9.4 Nontarget Impacts of Restoration Actions on Invertebrates
  • 9.5 Control of Introduced Invertebrates
  • 9.6 Invertebrate Species Translocations
  • Establishing a rationale for translocations
  • Founding populations
  • Releases
  • 9.7 Management of Invertebrate Habitat
  • 9.8 Monitoring Invertebrates in Restored Ecosystems
  • Summary
  • Apply What You’ve Learned
  • Chapter 10 Vertebrates
  • 10.1 Selecting Focal Vertebrates
  • 10.2 Reducing Effects of Fragmentation and Lost Connectivity
  • 10.3 Site-Based Habitat Restoration
  • 10.4 Curbing Overexploitation
  • 10.5 Manipulating Trophic Interactions
  • 10.6 Controlling Introduced Vertebrates
  • Eradication versus reduction
  • Physical methods
  • Chemical methods
  • Biological methods
  • Devising a control program
  • Unexpected consequences of invasive vertebrate control
  • 10.7 Vertebrate Species Translocations
  • Translocation assessment and planning
  • Source populations
  • Captive breeding
  • Releases
  • 10.8 Monitoring Vertebrates in Restored Ecosystems
  • Sag Delta #2 Exploratory Well Site
  • West Kuparuk State Pad
  • Annex 3
  • Summary
  • Apply What You’ve Learned
  • Part III Restoration Cases
  • Case A Alaska’s North Slope
  • Background
  • Approach and Progress
  • Sag Delta #2 Exploratory Well Site
  • West Kuparuk State Pad
  • Annex 3
  • Sources
  • Case B Baghmara Community Forest
  • Background
  • Approach
  • Progress and Outcomes
  • Sources
  • Case C Carpentaria Ghost Nets Programme
  • Background
  • Approach
  • Progress and Outcomes
  • Sources
  • Case D Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
  • Background
  • Approach
  • Progress and Outcomes
  • Sources
  • Case E Jarrah Forests
  • Background
  • Approaches
  • Progress and Outcomes
  • Sources
  • Case F Large Blue Butterfly
  • Background
  • Approach
  • Progress and Outcomes
  • Sources
  • Case G Mana Island
  • Background
  • Approach
  • Progress and Outcomes
  • Sources
  • Case H Minneapolis Chain of Lakes
  • Background
  • Approach
  • Progress and Outcomes
  • Sources
  • Case I Monte Pascoal-Pau Brasil Corridor Project
  • Background
  • Approach
  • Progress and Outcomes
  • Sources
  • Case J Namaqualand Restoration Initiative
  • Background
  • Approach
  • Progress and Outcomes
  • Sources
  • Case K Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge
  • Background
  • Approach
  • Progress and Outcomes
  • Sources
  • Case L Provo River
  • Background
  • Approach
  • Progress and Outcomes
  • Sources
  • Case M Sargent’s Cherry Palm
  • Background
  • Approach
  • Progress and Outcomes
  • Sources
  • Case N Skjern River
  • Background
  • Approach
  • Progress and Outcomes
  • Sources
  • Case O Sudbury Barrens
  • Background
  • Approaches
  • Progress and Outcomes
  • Sources
  • Case P Sweetwater Marsh
  • Background
  • Approach
  • Progress and Outcomes
  • Sources
  • Case Q Tasmanian Devil
  • Background
  • Approach
  • Progress and Outcomes
  • Sources
  • Case R Tram Chim National Park
  • Background
  • Approach
  • Progress and Outcomes
  • Sources
  • Case S Westhoek Nature Reserve
  • Background
  • Approach
  • Progress and Outcomes
  • Sources
  • Photo Credits
  • Glossary
  • References
  • Index