Dental Caries

Höfundar: Ole Fejerskov; Bente Nyvad (Útgáfa: 4)
Dental Caries

Kaup valmöguleikar

Authoritative and comprehensive resource on the disease process and clinical management of dental caries. Dental Caries: The Disease and Its Clinical Management, 4th Edition maintains the same focus on high-level coverage of the disease etiology and process, clinical assessment and prognosis and wider public health issues connected with dental caries management, including an enhanced focus on caries control.

Fully updated throughout, the chapters that discuss theory emphasize how the knowledge can be applied in both the clinic and in the public health domain to improve oral health. The new edition also includes up-to-date and validated diagnostic and management options for caries whilst ensuring that the tools provided allow practitioners to serve the needs of different socio-economic populations. All sections are complimented by high-quality color photographs, clear line drawings and references for further study.

With contributions from international experts in research and clinical practice, Dental Caries includes information on: Acquisition and establishment of the oral microbiome, metabolism of the microbiome in caries, and the essential role of saliva for dental caries and erosionInitiation and progression of dental caries in dental hard tissues and the relationship between sugar, diets, and dental cariesThe caries control concept and consequences for minimally invasive management of cariesCaries control in children, adults, and the elderly, including root surface caries and oral health care in the elderlyImplication of caries control for the dental profession, including best practices for assessment of lesion activity, prognosis and risk for developing dental caries Dental Caries, Fourth Edition is an unrivaled guide to tooth decay, and a must-have resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students in dental public health, paediatric and restorative dentistry as well as all practitioners looking to develop their clinical skills.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Wiley Global Research (STMS)
ISBN
9781119679417
Print ISBN
9781119679370
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
4
Höfundar
Ole Fejerskov; Bente Nyvad
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2024-06-21
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100
Prent takmörkun
10
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Cover
  • Table of Contents
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Contributors
  • Preface
  • Part I: Dental caries: What is it and what is the magnitude of the problem?
  • 1 Dental caries – definitions and clinical features
  • The editors’ view on dental caries and introduction to the book
  • Terminology
  • Examples of dental caries
  • Background literature
  • 2 Strategic public health considerations for caries control in populations
  • Introduction
  • The global burden of dental caries
  • The role of sugar in the etiology of dental caries
  • Public health principles for preventive action
  • Overview of upstream, midstream, and downstream strategies to prevent dental caries
  • Implications for the dental profession and oral health care systems
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • 3 Dental caries epidemiology
  • Introduction
  • Probability of an outcome
  • Some standard terms used in epidemiology
  • Measures of central tendency: Mean, median, mode
  • Types of investigation
  • Problems of determining the role of specific factors
  • Analysis and interpretation of data
  • Drawing inferences about associations
  • Age and dental caries
  • International comparisons of occurrence of dental caries
  • Background literature
  • References
  • Part II: Diagnosis and detection
  • 4 Visual–tactile caries diagnosis and the role of bitewing radiography
  • Introduction
  • The diagnostic process
  • Two differing perspectives on caries detection
  • Achieving the best health outcome for the patient by classifying caries lesions according to the best management options for each lesion type
  • How early should caries lesions be detected?
  • What are the best visual–tactile caries diagnostic criteria?
  • Commonly used visual–tactile criteria
  • Differential diagnosis
  • Visual–tactile caries examination: A systematic clinical approach
  • Benefits and limitations of visual–tactile caries diagnosis
  • Do we need radiographs for caries detection?
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • 5 The foundations of good diagnostic practice
  • Introduction
  • The making of a dentist
  • The dental examination: In the best interest of our patients
  • What are we looking for? What is caries?
  • The wealth of caries diagnostic methods and criteria
  • The evolution in caries diagnostic methods
  • Diagnostic test assessment in the essentialistic gold‐standard paradigm
  • Evaluating caries diagnostic methods
  • Leaps in the essentialistic gold‐standard reasoning
  • Diagnostic test evaluation in the nominalistic caries paradigm
  • Inter‐ and intra‐examiner errors in caries diagnosis
  • How do we deal with the unavoidable diagnostic uncertainty?
  • The additional diagnostic yield argument
  • Concluding remarks
  • References
  • Part III: The oral environment and dental caries
  • 6 The oral microbiome – composition, acquisition, establishment, and maturation
  • The microbiome
  • The composition of the oral microbiome
  • The composition and structure of oral mucosal and tongue microbiome
  • Dental plaque microbiome
  • The oral microbiome and immunity
  • Acquisition of the oral microbiome
  • Establishment of the oral microbiome
  • Maturation of the oral microbiome
  • Conclusions
  • Background literature
  • References
  • 7 Functions of the oral microbiome in caries and how they can be controlled
  • Introduction
  • Bacterial metabolism and ecological factors affecting the cariogenic features of dental biofilm
  • The ‘ecological plaque hypothesis’ to explain the role of dental biofilm bacteria in the etiology of dental caries
  • How to control a cariogenic drift of the oral microbiome
  • Clinical approaches to caries control by interference with microbial metabolism
  • Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics
  • Concluding remarks
  • References
  • 8 The essential role of saliva in dental caries and erosion
  • Introduction
  • The salivary glands and their secretion
  • Neuronal regulation of salivary secretion
  • Formation of saliva
  • Saliva and its role in maintaining dental health
  • The functions of saliva flow and its inorganic and organic electrolytes
  • Saliva gland hypofunction and dental caries and erosion
  • Evaluation of salivary gland function
  • Management of salivary gland hypofunction
  • Concluding remarks
  • Background literature
  • References
  • Part IV: What happens in the dental hard tissues and key determinants of caries
  • 9 The process of de‐ and remineralization – the key to understanding clinical manifestations of dental caries
  • Introduction
  • Enamel mineral
  • Stability of calcium phosphates
  • Crystal dissolution
  • Why is apatite solubility increased by acid?
  • Effect of carbonate and fluoride on apatite dissolution and growth
  • Demineralization and remineralization of the dental hard tissues
  • Caries demineralization
  • Remineralization of enamel
  • Remineralization of dentin
  • Background literature
  • References
  • 10 Initiation and progression of dental caries in dental hard tissues
  • Introduction
  • Human dental enamel at the time of eruption
  • Enamel changes during early caries lesion development
  • The approximal white spot lesion
  • Progression of the enamel lesion
  • Arrest of the caries lesion
  • Occlusal caries
  • Dentin reactions to caries progression
  • Pulpo‐dentinal reactions
  • Root surface caries
  • Background literature
  • References
  • 11 Erosion of the teeth
  • Introduction
  • Clinical manifestations and diagnosis
  • Histological and chemical features
  • Classification by depth of the lesion
  • Classification by etiology
  • Erosion caused by food and drinks
  • Erosion caused by stomach contents
  • Erosion caused by airborne acids
  • Idiopathic erosion
  • Prophylaxis and treatment of erosion
  • Conclusion
  • Background literature
  • References
  • 12 Sugar, diet, and dental caries
  • Introduction
  • History
  • Early ecological studies
  • Experimental human studies
  • Influence of fluoride on the diet – caries relationship
  • Which is of more importance – amount or frequency of sugar consumption?
  • Measuring cariogenicity
  • Sweeteners
  • Protective factors in foods
  • Diet and dental erosion
  • Dietary advice for dental health promotion
  • References
  • 13 Oral hygiene – does it matter?
  • Introduction
  • Some theoretical considerations
  • The biological effect of tooth cleaning
  • The clinical effect of tooth cleaning
  • The effect of professional tooth cleaning
  • The effect of dental flossing
  • Does tooth cleaning matter?
  • References
  • 14 Fluorides in caries control
  • Introduction
  • Fluoride in caries control
  • Anticaries mechanisms of fluoride
  • Dental fluorosis and metabolism of fluoride
  • Fluoride dose and dental fluorosis
  • Where is fluoride found in nature?
  • Fluoride absorption, distribution, and elimination
  • Fluoride concentration in teeth
  • Pathogenesis of dental fluorosis
  • The efficacy and effectiveness of fluorides in the control of dental caries: Systematic review
  • Rational use of fluorides in caries control
  • Background literature
  • References
  • Part V: Caries control in children, adults and elderly
  • 15 The caries control concept
  • Why the caries control concept should replace caries prevention
  • How caries control was managed in the past
  • Arrest of active enamel caries
  • Arrest of active root caries
  • Arrest of active cavitated caries
  • Role of fluoride in lesion arrest
  • Benefits and limitations of the caries control approach – and some recommendations
  • References
  • 16 Caries control for the individual patient in all age groups
  • Introduction
  • How are current caries activity and risk of future caries progression assessed?
  • The ‘dental traffic light’
  • What non‐operative, treatments are available?
  • How is the individual helped to control disease progression?
  • When should the patient be recalled?
  • Caries control in children and adolescents
  • Caries control in the frail elderly
  • Failure
  • References
  • Part VI: Intervention and treatment
  • 17 Carious cavities – how to manage the ‘infected’ dentin and the pulpal response
  • Introduction
  • The caries process in dentin
  • Mineral distribution in dentin caries
  • Inflammatory reactions to caries in the dental pulp
  • How to manage the carious dentin
  • How much carious dentin needs to be removed?
  • Excavation techniques
  • Excavation protocols
  • Excavation of deep dentin lesions
  • Concluding remarks
  • References
  • 18 Control of dental caries by minimally invasive restorative intervention
  • Introduction
  • The strategy for minimally invasive restorative intervention of caries
  • Micro‐invasive treatments
  • Minimally invasive operative treatment
  • Defective restorations: replacement or repair?
  • A final word of caution
  • References
  • Part VII: The implication of caries control for the dental profession
  • 19 How accurately can we assess the risk of developing caries lesions?
  • Introduction
  • The risk of developing caries lesions cannot be observed directly for an individual patient
  • The course of a typical study for evaluating the accuracy of a prediction
  • A real‐life example of using a single, dichotomous predictor
  • Interpretation and use of the measures of prediction accuracy
  • What level of accuracy would be sufficient in everyday practice?
  • What level of accuracy can be achieved?
  • Social factors
  • Clinical caries risk assessment: is it possible?
  • How valuable are the proposed measures?
  • Concluding remarks
  • Background literature
  • References
  • 20 Oral health care – past, present, and future perspectives
  • A brief history of the emergence of dentistry
  • How many dentists are needed?
  • Caries research in the last 50 years
  • A possible future for oral health care in the times of COVID‐19
  • References
  • Index
  • End User License Agreement