Color Atlas of Pathology
Höfundar:
Urs-Nikolaus Riede; Martin Werner (Útgáfa: 1)
Kaup valmöguleikar
This pocket atlas is an excellent reference work that presents pathologic findings in all clinically relevant fields, using high-quality photographs and concise, well-structured explanatory texts. Images include color photos and micrographs. Electron microscopic images are included where necessary. Clear schematic drawings illustrate procedures such as the course of infections, etc. Text boxes on clinical and morphological aspects, on complications, and with easy-to-remember mnemonic summaries are set off in color.
Nánar um bókina
- Thieme Medical Publishers Inc.
- 9783132581227
- 9783131277817
- ePub
- 1
- Urs-Nikolaus Riede; Martin Werner
- English
- 2004-07-14
- 100
- 20
- 20
Kaflar
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Abbreviations
- Contents
- 1 Fundamentals of Pathology
- Pathology
- Methods
- Disease
- Etiology
- Causal Pathogenesis
- Formal Pathogenesis
- Clinical Course
- Signs of Death
- Equivocal Signs of Death
- Brain Death
- Unequivocal Signs of Death
- Statistics
- Autopsy
- 2 Cellular Pathology
- Nuclear Lesions
- Forms of Nuclei
- Chromosomes
- DNA Repair Defects
- Xeroderma pigmentosum
- Chromosome Abnormalities
- Change in the Size of the Nucleus
- Relation of Nucleus to Cytoplasm
- Nuclear Euploidy
- Nuclear Polyploidy
- Nuclear Aneuploidy
- Chromatin Change
- Heterochromatin Condensation
- Dyskaryosis
- Perinuclear Hyperchromatosis
- Karyolysis
- Inclusions
- Cytoplasmic inclusions
- Paraplasmic inclusions
- Change in the Number of Nuclei
- Polynuclear Cells
- Anuclear Cells
- Antinuclear Autoantibodies
- Nucleolar Change
- Inflammatory nucleoli
- Tumor nucleoli
- Giant nucleoli
- Lesions of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
- Quantitative Change
- Increase in the number of cisterns
- Decrease in the number of cisterns
- Morphologic Change
- Fragmentation of the RER
- Formation of vacuoles in the RER
- Swelling of the RER
- RER cistern collapse
- Inclusions
- Amorphous inclusions
- Crystalline inclusions
- Particulate inclusions
- Oncofetal Lesion
- Ribosome-lamellae complexes
- Annulated lamellae layers
- Mitochondria-lamellar-layer complexes
- Lesions of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
- Quantitative Change
- Proliferation of SER
- Atrophy of the SER
- Morphologic Change
- Formation of Vesicles in the SER
- ”Cytoplasmic Nuclei“
- Inclusions
- Golgi Lesions
- Atrophy of the Golgi Apparatus
- Hypertrophy of the Golgi Apparatus
- Golgi-associated disorders
- Cholestasis
- Fatty Liver
- Achondroplasia
- Alveolar Proteinosis
- Mitochondrial Lesions
- Quantitative Change
- Mitochondrial Proliferation
- Mitochondrial Depletion
- Morphologic Change
- Megamitochondria
- Mitochondrial Swelling
- Structural Change in Mitochondrial DNA
- Mitochondrial DNA Mutations
- Congenital Forms
- Acquired Forms
- Changes in the Mitochondrial Cristae
- Membrane proliferation
- Membrane loss
- Inclusions
- Matrix inclusions
- Crista inclusions
- Grana inclusions
- Mitochondrial Disorders
- Mitochondrial Myopathies
- Hypoxia
- Hypoxemic Hypoxia
- Ischemic Hypoxia
- Hyperglycemic Hypoxia
- Histotoxic Hypoxia
- Mitochondrial Autoantibodies
- Peroxisomal Lesions
- Peroxisomal Diseases
- Acatalasemia
- Refsum Disease
- Cerebrohepatorenal Syndrome
- Adrenoleukodystrophy
- Systemic Carnitine Deficiency
- Lysosomal Lesions
- Prelysosomal Phase
- Heterophagy
- Autophagy
- Lysosomal Phase
- Heterophagy
- Autophagy
- Post-lysosomal Phase
- Lysosomal Lipid Pigments
- Lysosomal Diseases
- Delayed Enzyme Release
- Increased Enzyme Release
- Lysosomal Enzyme Deficiency
- Cytomembrane Lesions
- Apical Cell Edema
- Disrupted Communication
- Receptor Lesions
- Receptor dysfunction
- Cytoskeletal Lesions
- Microtubular Lesions
- Polymerization Block
- Microfilament Lesions
- Intermediate Filament Lesions
- Actin Bodies
- Mallory Bodies
- 3 Connective Tissue Lesions
- Collagen Lesions
- Types of Collagen
- Biosynthesis Disorders
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)
- Scurvy
- Osteogenesis Imperfecta
- Fibrosis
- Sequelae of Fibrosis
- Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Sequelae of Fibrosis
- Cirrhosis of the Liver
- Collagenolysis Disorders
- α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
- Fibrinoid Necrosis
- Collagen Hyalinization
- Collagen Vascular Diseases
- Microfibril Lesions
- Marfan’s Syndrome
- Amyloidosis
- General Definitions
- Structure of Amyloid
- Types of Amyloid
- AL Amyloid
- AA Amyloid
- AF Amyloid
- AE Amyloid
- AS Amyloid
- Classification of Amyloidoses
- Systemic Amyloidosis
- Localized Amyloidosis
- Elastin Lesions
- Biosynthesis Disorders
- Restrictive Dermopathy
- Senile Elastosis
- Trichopoliodystrophy
- Type V Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
- Elastosis
- Actinic Elastosis
- Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
- Fibroelastosis
- Sequelae of Fibroelastosis
- Intimal Fibroelastosis
- Endocardial Fibroelastosis
- Elastin Lysis Disorders
- Sequelae of Elastin Lysis Disorders
- Polyarteritis nodosa
- Temporal Arteritis
- Syphilitic Aortitis
- Proteoglycan Lesions
- Proteoglycan Complexing Disorders
- Mucoid Degeneration
- Sequelae of Mucoid Degeneration
- Mucoid Meniscopathy
- Ganglion
- Cystic Vascular Degeneration
- Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome
- Sequelae of Mucoid Degeneration
- Proteoglycan Secretion Disorders
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Sequelae of Cystic Fibrosis
- Bronchiectasis
- Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas
- Meconium ileus
- Liver cirrhosis
- Proteoglycan Lysis Deficiencies
- Mucopolysaccharidoses
- Hurler’s Syndrome
- Hunter’s Syndrome
- Mucolipidoses
- 4 Errors of Metabolism: Inorganic Compounds
- Oxygen
- Acute Generalized Hypoxia
- Acute Local Hypoxia
- Chronic Hypoxia
- Fatty Degeneration
- Organ Atrophy
- Interstitial Fibrosis
- Calcium
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypercalcemia
- Iron
- Iron Deficiency
- Absolute Iron Deficiency
- Relative Iron Deficiency
- Iron Overload
- Hemochromatosis
- Secondary Siderosis
- Copper
- Copper Deficiency
- Chronic Copper Deficiency
- Trichopoliodystrophy
- Copper Overload
- Wilson’s Disease
- 5 Errors of Metabolism: Organic Compounds
- Carbohydrates
- Glycogenoses
- Type I Glycogenosis
- Type II Glycogenosis
- Type III Glycogenosis
- Carbohydrate Malabsorption
- Lactose Intolerance
- Saccharose-Isomaltose Intolerance
- Glucose Synthesis Disorders
- Fructose-1, 6-Diphosphatase Deficiency
- Hereditary Fructose Intolerance
- Deficient Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Type I Diabetes mellitus
- Type II Diabetes mellitus
- Sequelae
- Galactosemia
- Lipids
- Fat Uptake Disorders
- Malabsorption Syndromes
- Disorders Associated with Malabsorption
- Gluten Enteropathy
- Whipple Disease
- Fatty Degeneration
- Dietary Steatosis
- Transport Steatosis
- Absorptive Steatosis
- Retention Steatosis
- Disorders of Fat Catabolism
- Starvation
- Obesity
- Ketonemia
- Phytanic Acid Storage Disease
- Propionic Acidemia
- Methylmalonic Aciduria
- Hypolipoproteinemia Disorders
- Abetalipoproteinemia
- Analphalipoproteinemia
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Disorders
- Type I Hyperlipoproteinemia
- Type II Hyperlipoproteinemia
- Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia
- Type IV Hyperlipoproteinemia
- Type V Hyperlipoproteinemia
- Familial LCAT Deficiency
- Sequelae of Hyperlipoproteinemia
- Atherosclerosis
- Xanthoma
- Sphingolipidoses
- Gaucher’s Disease
- Sphingomyelin Lipidosis
- Krabbe’s Disease
- Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
- Fabry Disease
- Type I GM2 Gangliosidosis
- GM1 Gangliosidosis
- Proteins
- Defective Serum Proteins
- Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism
- Phenylketonuria
- Albinism
- Alkaptonuria
- Maple Syrup Urine Disease
- Primary Hyperoxaluria
- Type I Homocystinuria
- Cystinuria
- Cystinosis
- Urea Synthesis Disorders
- Nucleotides
- Hyperuricemia
- Primary Gout
- Sequelae of Adult Gout
- Secondary Gout
- 6 Pigment Lesions
- Exogenous Pigments
- Cosmetic Pigments
- Occupational Toxin Pigments
- Anthracosis
- Plumbism
- Chalcosis
- Iatrogenic Pigments
- Argyria
- Amalgam
- Tetracycline
- Carotene
- Endogenous Pigments
- Hematogenous Pigments
- Porphyria
- Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria
- Hemoglobin Breakdown Pigments
- Hyperbilirubinemia
- Excessive Bilirubin Production
- Defective Bilirubin Uptake
- Defective Bilirubin Conjugation
- Defective Bilirubin Excretion
- Tyrosine-Derivative Pigments
- Cutaneous Melanin
- Vitiligo
- Albinism
- Hemochromatosis
- Addison’s Disease
- Phenylketonuria
- Melasma
- Neuromelanin
- Parkinson’s Disease
- Non-Melanin Pigments
- Brown Colon
- Alkaptonuria
- Lipogenic Pigments
- 7 Sublethal Cell Damage
- Hypertrophy
- Types of Hypertrophy
- Diseases Associated with Hypertrophy
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- Congenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
- Hyperplasia
- Types of Hyperplasia
- Diseases Associated with Hyperplasia
- Endometrial Hyperplasia
- Prostatic Hyperplasia
- Endocrinal Hyperplasia
- Thyroid Hyperplasia
- Parathyroid Hyperplasia
- Hyperplasia of the Adrenal Cortex
- Adrenal Cortex Hyperfunction Syndrome
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Hypercortisolism
- Adrenogenital Syndrome
- Atrophy
- Types of Atrophy
- Disorders Associated with Generalized Atrophy
- Senile Atrophy
- Atrophy Due to Inanition (Cachexia)
- Disorders Associated with Organ Atrophy
- Osteoporosis
- Alzheimer’s Disease
- Pick’s Disease
- 8 Lethal Cell Injury
- Apoptosis
- Programmed Cell Death
- Commitment phase
- Executive phase
- Accidental Cell Death
- Necrosis
- Focal Cytoplasmic Necrosis
- Coagulative Necrosis
- Special Forms of Coagulative Necrosis
- Liquefactive Necrosis
- Special Forms of Liquefactive Necrosis
- Shrinking Necrosis
- Autolysis
- 9 Calcification and Stone Disorders
- Calcification
- Dystrophic Calcification
- Degenerative Calcification
- Disorders Associated with Degenerative Calcification
- Calcinosis cutis
- Myositis ossificans
- Valvular calcific degeneration
- Mönckeberg medial calcific sclerosis
- Necrotic Calcification
- Metastatic Calcification
- Disorders Associated with Metastatic Calcification
- Pulmonary calcinosis
- Renal calcinosis
- Gastric calcinosis
- Myocardial calcinosis
- Stone Disorders
- Urolithiasis
- Cholelithiasis
- 10 Chemical Cell Injury
- Drug-Induced Disorders
- Drug-Induced Damage to Blood Cells
- Drug-Induced Skin Disease
- Drug-Induced Liver Disease
- Drug-Induced Kidney Disease
- Drug-Induced Lung Disease
- Drug-Induced Neurologic Disorders
- Diseases from Environmental Factors
- Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
- Sequelae
- Severe carbon monoxide poisoning
- Acute carbon monoxide poisoning
- Lead Poisoning
- Sequelae
- Metaphyseal lead lines
- Acquired porphyria
- Anemia
- Erythrocyte disease
- Lead nephropathy
- Lead encephalopathy
- Polyneuropathy
- Asbestosis
- Sequelae
- Pneumoconiosis (asbestos lung)
- Pleural plaques
- Malignant mesotheliomas
- Disease from Alimentary Factors
- α-Amanitine Poisoning
- Alcoholism
- Sequelae of Alcoholism
- Alcoholic Fatty Degeneration of the Liver
- Alcoholic Hepatitis
- Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis
- Megaloblastic Anemia
- Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
- Cardiomyopathy
- 11 Physical Cell Injury
- Thermal Injury
- Heat-Induced Injuries
- Heat Stroke
- Burns
- Cold-Induced Injuries
- Hypothermia
- Frostbite
- Sequelae of Cold Injuries
- Endangiitis obliterans
- Raynaud Syndrome
- Electrical Injuries
- Radiation Injury
- Microwaves and Infrared Radiation
- Visible Light and Ultraviolet Radiation
- Sequelae of Light Radiation
- Acute photodermatosis
- Chronic photodermatosis
- Laser Radiation
- Ionizing Radiation
- Sequelae of Radiation
- Radiation Vasculitis
- Radiation Dermatitis
- Radiation Enteritis
- Radiation Bone Necrosis
- Radiation-Induced Leukocyte Disease
- Radiation Therapy
- 12 Immune Pathology
- Antigen
- Antigen Neutralization
- Immune Organs
- Central Immune Organs
- Thymus
- Bursa of Fabricius and Bone Marrow
- Peripheral Immune Organs
- Lymph Nodes
- Spleen
- MALT
- SALT
- Cell-Mediated Immunity
- T Lymphocytes
- Initial Immune Response
- Effector Mechanisms
- Secondary Immune Response
- Humoral Immunity
- B Lymphocytes
- Initial Immune Response
- Effector Mechanisms
- Secondary Immune Response
- Immune-Regulating Antigens
- Classification of the HLA Genes
- Function of the HLA Antigens
- HLA-Associated Disorders
- Pathogenic Immune Reactions
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Type I Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Local Anaphylaxis
- Systemic Anaphylaxis
- Atopic Reaction
- Disorders Associated with Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction
- Bronchial Asthma
- Allergic Rhinosinusitis
- Type II Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Type III Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Serum Disease
- Disorders Associated with Serum Disease
- Immune Complex Vasculitis
- Immune Complex Nephritis
- Local Immune Complex Disease
- Disorders Associated with Local Immune Complex Disease
- Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis
- Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction
- Cutaneous Basophilic Hypersensitivity Reaction
- Contact Allergy
- Tuberculin Reaction
- Granulomatous Hypersensitivity Reaction
- Transplantation Pathology
- Transplant Allergy
- Graft-Versus-Host Disease
- Autoimmune Disorders
- Systemic Autoimmune Disorders
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Progressive systemic sclerosis
- Dermatomyositis
- Goodpasture’s Syndrome
- Wegener’s Granulomatosis
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Sjögren’s Syndrome
- Autoimmune Disorders Organ specific
- Hashimoto Thyroiditis
- Autoimmune Adrenalitis
- Type I Diabetes Mellitus
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Autoimmune Gastritis
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Immunodeficiency Disorders
- Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders
- X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia
- Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia
- Heavy-Chain Defect
- j Chain Defect
- IgG Subclass Defect
- Hyper IgM Syndrome
- Isolated IgA Deficiency
- Common Variable Immunodeficiency
- Primary Immunodeficiency Syndromes: T-Cell Defects
- DiGeorge Syndrome
- Nezelof Syndrome
- Chronic Myocutaneous Candidiasis
- Primary Immunodeficiency Syndromes: B-Cell and T-Cell Defects
- Severe combined immunodeficiency (= SCID)
- Ataxia Telangiectasia
- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
- Secondary Immunodeficiency Syndromes
- Monoclonal Gammopathy
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
- Sequelae of AIDS
- HIV Lymphadenopathy
- Kaposi’s Sarcoma
- HIV-Associated Pneumopathy
- HIV Encephalitis
- 13 Pathology of Inflammation
- Definition of Inflammation
- Etiology of Inflammation
- Spread of Inflammation
- Local inflammation
- Metastatic inflammation
- Generalized infection
- Symptoms of Inflammation
- Exudative Inflammatory Reaction
- Changes in Microcirculation
- Increased Permeability
- Leukocyte Transmigration
- Biologic Role of Inflammatory Cells
- Inflammation Mediators
- Cell-Derived Mediators
- Plasma-Derived Mediators
- Acute Exudative Inflammations
- Serous Inflammation
- Seromucous Inflammation
- Associated Disorder
- Acute Rhinitis
- Fibrinous Inflammation
- Fibrinous Parenchymal Inflammation
- Fibrinous Serosal Inflammation
- Associated Disorders
- Fibrinous Pleuritis
- Fibrinous Pericarditis
- Fibrinous Peritonitis
- Fibrinous Mucosal Inflammation
- Pseudomembranous Croupous Form Influenza Type
- Pseudomembranous Necrotizing Form
- (Diphtheria Type)
- Fibrinous Suppurative Inflammation
- Associated Disorder
- Lobar Pneumonia
- Suppurative Inflammation
- Mucopurulent Inflammation
- Empyema
- Phlegmon
- Abscess-Forming Inflammation
- Appendicitis
- Acute Pyogenic Pyelonephritis
- Acute Pyogenic Meningitis
- Hemorrhagic Inflammation
- Scarlet Fever
- Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome
- Plague
- Influenzal Pneumonia
- Disorders Associated with Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
- Hemorrhagic Viral Urocystitis
- Anthrax
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
- Acute Pancreatitis
- Necrotizing Inflammation
- Ulcerous Necrotizing Inflammation
- Acute Necrotizing Ulcerous Gingivitis
- Peptic Gastroduodenal Ulcer
- Ulcerous Colitis
- Diffuse Necrotizing Inflammation
- Necrotizing Fasciitis
- A reactive Necrotizing Inflammation
- Gangrenous Inflammation
- Lymphocytic Inflammation
- Fetal Inflammation
- Courses of Acute Inflammation
- Dissolution of the exudate
- Regeneration
- Secondary postinfectious disorders
- Chronic inflammation
- Hematogenous Dissemination
- Chronic Inflammation
- Chronic Nonsuppurative Inflammation
- Associated Disorder
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Chronic Suppurative Inflammation
- Chronic Mucopurulent Inflammation
- Granulating Inflammations
- Demarcation of Necrosis
- Chronic Abscess
- Chronic Fistula
- Chronic Ulcer
- Granulomatous Inflammations
- Granuloma Cells
- Histogenesis of Granulomas
- Epithelioid granulomas
- Histiocytic Granulomas
- Morphology of Granulomas
- Sarcoid Granulomas
- Sarcoidosis
- Crohn’s Disease
- Tuberculous Granuloma
- Pseudotuberculous Granuloma
- Rheumatic Granuloma
- Rheumatoid Granuloma
- Foreign-Body Granuloma
- 14 Viral Infection
- Uncoated Single-Stranded RNA Viruses
- Picornaviridae
- Poliomyelitis Virus
- Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)
- Rhinoviruses
- Uncoated Double-Stranded RNA Viruses
- Reoviridae
- Rotavirus
- Coated Single-Strand RNA Viruses
- Togaviridae
- Alpha virus
- Rubivirus
- Flaviviridae
- Orthomyxoviridae
- Influenza Virus
- Paramyxoviridae
- Parainfluenza Virus
- Mumps Virus
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
- Measles Virus
- Arenaviridae
- Rhabdoviridae
- Rabies Virus
- Retroviridae
- Oncornaviruses
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
- Coated Double-Stranded RNA Viruses
- Poxviridae
- Variola Virus
- Molluscum Contagiosum Virus
- Herpesviridae
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Varicella Zoster Virus
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
- Coated Single-Stranded DNA Viruses
- Hepadnaviridae
- Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
- Uncoated Double-Stranded DNAViruses
- Adenoviridae
- Papovaviridae
- Miopapovaviridae
- Uncoated Single-Stranded DNA Viruses
- Parvoviridae
- Parvovirus B19
- Prion Diseases
- Disorders Associated with Prions
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
- Gerstmann’s Hereditary Senile Ataxia
- Kuru
- Scrapie
- Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
- 15 Bacterial Infection
- Gram-Positive Cocci
- Staphylococci
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococci
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- Gram-Negative Cocci
- Neisseriaceae
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Gram-Positive Rods
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Actinomyces israelii
- Bacillus anthracis
- Clostridia
- Clostridia – associated Disorders
- Clostridial Gas Gangrene
- Tetanus
- Botulism
- Antibiotic associated Enterocolitis
- Gram-Negative Rod-shaped Bacteria
- Enterobacteriaceae
- Disorders Associated with Enterobacteriaceae
- Typhoid Fever
- Salmonella Enteritis
- Short-Curved Gram-Negative Rod-shaped Bacteria
- Vibrio cholerae
- Campylobacter jejuni coli
- Helicobacter pylori
- Flexible Spiral Gram-Negative Bacteria
- Borrelia burgdorferi
- Treponema pallidum
- Mycobacteria (Acid-Resistant Rods)
- Tuberculosis Bacteria
- Mycobacterium leprae
- Obligatory Intracellular Bacteria
- Rickettsia prowazekii
- Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
- Chlamydia
- Bacteria Without a Cell Wall
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- 16 Mycotic Infection
- Skin Mycoses (Superficial Mycoses)
- Dermatophytoses
- Subcutaneous and Mucosal Mycoses
- Organ and Systemic Mycoses
- Yeasts
- Candida albicans
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Mold
- Aspergillus Fungi
- Mucor (Zygomycetes)
- Dimorphic Fungi
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Coccidioides immitis
- Rhinosporidium seeberi
- 17 Protozoan Infection
- Zoomastigophora
- Trypanosoma cruzi
- Leishmania
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- Giardia lamblia
- Lobosea
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Sporozoa
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Plasmodia
- Mycoid Parasites
- Pneumocystis carinii
- 18 Helminthic Infection
- Trematodes
- Schistosomes
- Cestodes
- Taenia saginata
- Taenia solium
- Echinococcus granulosus
- Echinococcus multilocularis
- Nematodes
- Enterobius vermicularis
- Wuchereria bancrofti
- Trichinella spiralis
- 19 Hereditary Disorders
- Chromosomal Disorders
- Autosomal Aberrations
- Numeric Autosomal Aberrations
- Triploidy
- Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)
- Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome)
- Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome)
- Structural Autosomal Aberrations
- Deletion Syndrome
- Microdeletion Syndromes
- Sex Chromosome Aberrations
- Klinefelter’s Syndrome
- XYY Syndrome
- Turner’s Syndrome
- Chromosome Breakage Syndromes
- Single-Gene Disorders
- Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
- Autosomal Recessive Inheritance
- X-Linked Dominant Inheritance
- X-Linked Recessive Inheritance
- Multifactorial Hereditary Disorders
- Mitochondrial Hereditary Disorders
- 20 Congenital Malformations
- Basic Teratologic Terminology
- Malformation
- Anomalies
- Dysplasia
- General Etiology
- Genetic causes
- Exogenous causes
- General Causal Pathogenesis
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Contact Mechanisms
- Proliferation Stimulators
- Proliferation Inhibitors
- Proliferation Modulators
- Cell Determination and Differentiation
- Cell Determination
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Migration
- Apoptosis (Cell Death)
- Blastopathies
- Conjoined Twins-Malformations
- Complete Symmetrical Double Malformations
- Incomplete Symmetrical Double
- Malformations
- “Parasitic” Asymmetrical Double Malformations
- Feto-fetal Transfusion Syndrome
- Embryopathies
- Morphogenetic Forms of Embryopathy
- Isolated (Single) Malformations
- Supernumerary Malformations
- Fusion Malformations
- Failures of dorsal Fusion (Dysraphia)
- Failures of ventral Fusion
- Agenesis
- Aplasia
- Hypoplasia
- Atresia
- Stenosis
- Vestige
- Hamartia
- Chorista
- Cysts
- Atavism
- Multiple Malformations
- Field Defects
- Sequence
- Syndrome
- Congenital disorder
- Etiologic Forms of Embryopathy
- Radiation Embryopathy
- Diabetic Embryopathy
- Thalidomide Embryopathy
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome
- Embryofetal Alcohol Syndrome
- Amniotic Band Syndrome
- Teratogenesis and Tumorigenesis
- Multifactorial Malformations
- Fetopathies
- Diabetic Fetopathy
- Cytomegalovirus Fetopathy
- Listerial Fetopathy
- Fetal Toxoplasmosis
- Congenital Syphilis
- 21 Tissue Repair
- Tissue Repair
- Regulatory Mechanisms
- Physiologic Regeneration
- Solitary regeneration
- Cyclical regeneration
- Permanent regeneration
- Pathologic Regeneration
- Complete Regeneration
- Incomplete Regeneration
- Wound Healing
- Healing of a Skin Wound
- Types of Wound Healing
- Phases of Wound Healing
- Fracture Healing
- Healing by First Intention
- Healing by Second Intention
- Wound Healing in Internal Organs
- Reversibly Postmitotic Cells
- Irreversibly Postmitotic Cells
- Wound Healing in the Central Nervous System
- Open Brain Injuries
- Closed Brain Injuries
- Wound Healing in Peripheral Nerves
- Metaplasia
- Epithelial Metaplasia
- Squamous Metaplasia
- Intestinal Metaplasia
- Urothelial Metaplasia
- Mesenchymal Metaplasia
- Heteroplasia
- Heterotopia
- Tissue Displacement
- 22 Tumor Pathology
- General Definition of “Tumor”
- Benign Tumors
- Malignant Tumors
- Tumors of Limited Malignancy
- Tumor-like Lesions
- Causal Tumorigenesis
- Disturbed DNA repair
- Disturbed Cellular Communication
- Proliferation Disinhibition
- Growth Factors
- Proto-oncogenes
- Tumor Suppressor Genes
- Tumor Immunology
- Tumor Antigens
- Oncofetal Antigens
- Differentiation Antigens
- Tumor Immunity
- Chemical Tumorigenesis
- Stages of Carcinogenesis
- Initiation
- Promotion
- Latency
- Progression
- Metastasis
- Metabolic Carcinogen Activation
- Organ and Species Specificity
- Viral Tumorigenesis
- DNA Tumor Viruses
- Human papilloma viruses
- Adenoviruses
- Epstein-Barr Virus
- Hepatitis B Virus
- RNA Tumor Viruses
- Physical Tumorigenesis
- Ionizing Radiation
- Ultraviolet Radiation
- Foreign Bodies
- Human Tumorigenesis
- Predisposition
- Hormonal Factors
- Age
- Senile tumors
- Childhood tumors
- Nutritional Factors and Drug Use
- Nutritional Fats
- High Nutritional Fiber Intake
- Alcohol Abuse
- Cigarette Smoke
- Environmental Factors
- Genetic Changes
- Susceptibility Genes
- Tumor Promotion
- Oncogene Activation
- Defective Apoptosis
- Defects in Differentiation Genes
- Defects in Metastasis-Suppressor Genes
- Defective Immune Surveillance
- Resistance to Therapy
- Formal Tumorigenesis
- Precursors and Early Stages
- Precancerous Conditions
- Intra epithelial Neoplasia
- Leukoplakia
- Carcinoma in Situ
- Early Invasive Carcinoma
- Cellular and Nuclear Changes
- Cellular Changes
- Anaplasia
- Biochemical Convergence
- Nuclear Changes
- DNA Content of Tumor Cells
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Tumor Angiogenesis
- Tumor Dissemination
- Metastasis
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Hematogenous Metastasis
- Cavitary Metastasis
- Canalicular Metastasis
- Inoculated Metastases
- Tumor Regression
- Sequelae of Tumor Regression
- Remission
- Complete remission
- Spontaneous remission
- Recurrence
- Tumor Complications
- Local Complications
- Stenosis
- Circulatory Disruption
- Tumor Necrosis
- Disruption of Organ Function
- Systemic Complications
- Tumor Metastases
- Cancer Cachexia
- Tumor Anemia
- Paraneoplastic Syndromes
- Tumor Classification
- Nonepithelial Tumors
- General Definitions
- Benign Nonepithelial Tumors
- Malignant Nonepithelial Tumors
- Fibrous Tumors
- Fibroma
- Fibrosarcoma
- Muscle Tumors
- Leiomyomas
- Leiomyosarcoma
- Rhabdomyoma
- Rhabdomyosarcoma
- Tumors of Fatty Tissue
- Lipoma
- Liposarcoma
- Cartilage Tumors
- Chondroma
- Chondrosarcoma
- Bone Tumors
- Osteoma
- Osteosarcoma
- Leukemias
- Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
- Malignant Lymphoma
- Hodgkin’s Lymphomas
- Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas
- Melanocytic Tumors
- Melanocytic Nevi
- Malignant Melanoma
- Brain Tumors
- Gliomas
- Nerve Sheath Tumors
- Meningioma
- Benign Epithelial Tumors
- Papillomas
- Basal Cell Papilloma
- Mucosal Papilloma
- Papilloma of Glandular Excretory Ducts
- Urothelial Papilloma
- Adenomas
- Solid Adenoma
- Tubular Adenoma
- Villous Adenoma
- Cystadenoma
- Fibroadenoma
- Malignant Epithelial Tumors
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Highly Differentiated Forms
- Undifferentiated Forms
- Adenocarcinoma
- Highly Differentiated Forms
- Moderately Differentiated Forms
- Mucigenous Carcinomas
- Urothelial Carcinoma
- Papillary Urothelial Carcinomas
- Solid Urothelial Carcinomas
- Carcinomas of Specific Organs
- Prostatic Carcinomas
- Carcinoma of the Breast
- Lung Carcinoma
- Colorectal Carcinoma
- Dysontogenetic Tumors
- Teratoma
- Mature Teratoma
- Immature Teratoma
- Embryonal Tumors (Blastomas)
- Neuroblastoma
- Medulloblastoma
- Retinoblastoma
- Nephroblastoma
- Embryonal Tumors Arising from Vestigial Tissue
- Ameloblastoma
- Craniopharyngioma
- Chordoma
- Mesodermal Mixed Tumor
- Semimalignant Tumors
- Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Carcinoid Appendix
- Ameloblastoma
- Chordoma
- Craniopharyngioma
- 23 Generalized Circulatory Disorders
- Arterial Hypertension
- Essential Hypertension
- Renal Hypertension
- Renovascular Hypertension
- Renoparenchymal Hypertension
- Endocrinal Hypertension
- Cardiovascular Hypertension
- Neurologic Hypertension
- Sequelae of Arterial Hypertension
- Hypertensive Cardiac Hypertrophy
- Hypertensive Arteriopathy
- Pulmonary Hypertension
- Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
- Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension
- Sequelae of Pulmonary Hypertension
- Chronic Cor Pulmonale
- Hypertensive Pulmonary Vascular Disease
- Portal Hypertension
- Sequelae of Portal Hypertension
- Development of Collateral Circulation
- Congenitive Splenomegaly
- Ascites
- Shock
- Pathogenetic Forms of Shock
- Cardiogenic Shock
- Hypovolemic Shock
- Septic Shock
- Anaphylactic Shock
- Endocrine Shock
- Neurogenic Shock
- Hemodynamic Forms of Shock
- Hyperdynamic Shock Syndrome
- Hypodynamic Shock Syndrome
- Sequelae of Shock
- Shock Lung
- Shock Kidney
- Shock Hepatopathy
- Shock Pancreatopathy
- Shock Endocarditis
- Shock Enteropathy
- Shock Encephalopathy
- Shock Endocrinopathy
- Hemorrhage
- Bleeding Through Ruptures
- Weakening of the Vessel Wall
- Over-Stretching of Vascular Structures
- Diapedesis Bleeding
- Hemorrhagic Diathesis
- Osler-Weber-Rendu Disease
- Thrombocytopenic Forms
- Thrombasthenic Forms
- Coagulopathic Forms
- 24 Localized Circulatory Disorders
- Thrombosis
- Causal Pathogenesis
- Endothelial Lesion (“wall factor”)
- Hemodynamic Abnormality (“flow factor”)
- Hypercoagulability (“blood factor”)
- Forms of Thrombi
- Laminated Thrombus (depository Thrombus)
- Red Thrombus (stagnation thrombus)
- Mixed Thrombus
- Hyaline Thrombus
- Forms of Thrombosis
- Venous Thrombosis
- Arterial Thrombosis
- Cardiac Thrombosis
- Sequelae of Thrombosis
- Recurrent Thrombus
- Obliteration of the Vessel
- Post-thrombotic Syndrome
- Puriform Thrombolysis
- Thrombus Calcification
- Thromboembolism
- Embolism
- Thromboembolism
- Venous Thromboembolism
- Arterial Thromboembolism
- Fat Embolism
- Traumatic Fat Embolism
- Fat Emboli Syndrome
- Air Embolism
- Cholesterol Embolism
- Amniotic Fluid Embolism
- Parasite Embolism
- Arterial Circulatory Disorders
- Absolute Persistent Ischemia
- Anemic Infarct
- Hemorrhagic Infarct
- Absolute Temporary Ischemia
- Relative Ischemia
- Acute Temporary Relative Ischemia
- Chronic Relative Ischemia
- Disorders Associated with Absolute Persistent Ischemia
- Myocardial Infarction
- Anemic Splenic Infarct
- Anemic Cerebral Infarction
- Anemic Renal Infarct
- Venous Hemodynamic Disorders
- Venous Stasis
- Associated Disorders
- Hepatic Congestion
- Hemorrhagic Infarct
- Associated Disorders
- Hemorrhagic Cerebral Infarction
- Mesenteric Infarction
- 25 Edema
- Hydrostatic Edema
- Cardiac Edema
- Portal Edema
- Venous Edema
- Osmotic Edema
- Oncotic Edema
- Vascular Edema
- Lymphedema
- Seguclae of Edema
- Sclerosis
- Dermatopathy
- Recurrent Erysipelas
- Nodal Vascular Sinus Transformation
- Stewart-Treves Syndrome
- Cerebral Edema
- Vasogenic Cerebral Edema
- Cytotoxic Cerebral Edema
- Interstitial Cerebral Edema
- Hyposmotic Cerebral Edema
- Index