Clinical Pharmacology and Practical Prescribing on the Move

Höfundar: James Turnbull; Matthew Tate (Útgáfa: 1)
Clinical Pharmacology and Practical Prescribing on the Move

Kaup valmöguleikar

The Medicine on the Move series provides fully-flexible access to subjects across the curriculum, in this case clinical pharmacology and prescribing practice, in a combination of print and mobile formats. The books are ideal for the busy medical student and junior doctor, irrespective of individual learning style and whether they are studying a subject for the first time or revisiting it during exam preparation, providing the right information whenever and wherever it is needed.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Taylor & Francis
ISBN
9781040177037
Print ISBN
9781444176032
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
1
Höfundar
James Turnbull; Matthew Tate
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2016-03-30
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100
Prent takmörkun
2
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Cover
  • Half Title
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Table of Contents
  • Preface
  • Authors
  • Editorial Advisor
  • Editor-In-Chief
  • Series Editors
  • Acknowledgements
  • List of abbreviations
  • Drug Dosing and Routes of Administration
  • Abbreviations
  • An explanation of the text
  • Part I Clinical pharmacology
  • 1 Clinical pharmacokinetics
  • 1.1 Basic Principles of Pharmacokinetics
  • Drug Concentration/Time Curve
  • Bioavailability
  • HALF-LIFE (t½)
  • Stedy State (SS)
  • The Apparent 'volume Of Distribution' (Vd)
  • Compartment models
  • Linear and Non-Linear Pharmacokinetics
  • Linear (first order) kinetics
  • Non-linear (zero order) kinetics
  • Zero order kinetics
  • 2 Clinical application of pharmacokinetics
  • 2.1 Principles of Dosing
  • 2.2 Loading Doses
  • Principles of Loading Doses
  • 2.3 Maintenance Dosing
  • 2.4 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
  • Drug Properties
  • Timing of Doses and Plasma Levels
  • 3 Pharmacodynamics
  • 3.1 Basic Principles of Drug Action
  • Non-Specific Mechanisms
  • Specific Mechanisms
  • Drug-protein binding
  • Specificity of binding
  • Drug-protein interactions
  • Mechanisms of clinical effects
  • Agonists
  • Variable effects of agonists
  • Antagonists
  • Irreversible and competitive antagonism
  • Slow processes
  • Clinical response of drug-protein interactions
  • Receptor mechanisms
  • Ligand gated ion channels
  • G-protein coupled receptors
  • Enzyme linked receptors
  • Intranuclear receptors
  • Site-specific non-receptor mechanisms
  • Enzyme interactions
  • Transporters
  • Ion channels (voltage gated)
  • Active transport systems
  • 4 Drug handling by the body
  • 4.1 Drug Route and Absorption
  • Oral Route
  • Parenteral Routes
  • Intravenous
  • Intramuscular and subcutaneous
  • Buccal, Sublingual and Rectal
  • Topical
  • 4.2 Metabolism
  • Drug Factors
  • Metabolism as a function
  • Route Factors
  • Physiological Factors
  • Hepatic metabolism
  • Phase I metabolism
  • Phase II Metabolism
  • Enzyme induction and inhibition
  • 4.3 Excretion
  • Renal Excretion
  • Biliary Excretion
  • Part II Drugs and practical prescribing
  • 5 Cardiovascular drugs
  • 5.1 Positive Inotropes
  • Cardiac Glycosides (Digoxin)
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • 5.2 Diuretics
  • Thiazide Diuretics
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Loop Diuretics
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Cautions and contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Special requirements
  • Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions and contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Aldosterone antagonists
  • Potassium sparing diuretics
  • Special requirements
  • Other Diuretics
  • 5.3 Antiarrhythmic Drugs
  • Classification of Drugs for Arrhythmias
  • Treatment Algorithm for Arrhythmias
  • Supraventricular (narrow complex) arrhythmias
  • Regular rhythm
  • Irregular rhythm
  • Ventricular (broad complex) arrhythmias
  • Regular rhythm
  • Irregular rhythm
  • Classes of Antiarrhythmic Drugs
  • Class I antiarrhythmics
  • Adenosine
  • Amiodarone and related drugs
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Cautions and contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Special requirements
  • 5.4 Adrenoceptor Antagonists
  • α-Adrenoceptor Blocking Drugs
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions and contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples and dosing
  • β-Adrenoceptor Blocking Drugs
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Cautions and contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Non-selective
  • 5.5 Antihypertensive and Related Medications
  • Initiating Antihypertensive Medication
  • Centrally Acting Antihypertensives
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Special requirements
  • Vasodilator Antihypertensives
  • Drugs Affecting the Renin-Angiotensin System
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system
  • ACE inhibitors
  • ARBs
  • Indications
  • Cautions and contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • ACE inhibitors
  • ARBs
  • Special requirements
  • 5.6 Antianginal and Related Drugs
  • Nitrates
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS (CCBs)
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions and contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Dihydropyridines
  • Non-dihydropyridines
  • Important interactions
  • Examples and dosing
  • Dihydropyridines
  • Non-dihydropyridines
  • Other Antianginals
  • Nicorandil (Ikorel®)
  • Ivabradine (Procoralan®)
  • Ranolazine (Ranexa®)
  • 5.7 Antiplatelet Drugs
  • Aspirin
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • ADP Antagonists
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples and dosing
  • Dipyridamole
  • Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA Inhibitors
  • 5.8 Lipid-Lowering Drugs
  • Stains
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples and dosing
  • Special requirements
  • Fibrates
  • Ezetimibe
  • Bile Acid Sequestrants
  • Nicotinic Acid and Related Drugs
  • Omega-3 Fatty Acids
  • 5.9 Fibrinolytic Drugs
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions/contraindications
  • Examples and dosing
  • 5.10 Antifibrinolytic Drugs
  • 6 Respiratory drugs
  • 6.1 Inhaled Therapy
  • Inhaler devices
  • Nebulized therapy
  • 6.2 Bronchodilators
  • Beta2 Agonists
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Muscarinic Antagonists
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Theophylline
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Special requirements
  • Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples
  • 6.3 Inhaled Corticosterioids
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Special requirements
  • 6.4 Other Respiratory Medications
  • Antihistamines (H1 Receptor Antagonists)
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Sedating
  • Non-sedating
  • Special requirements
  • Mucolytics
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples
  • 7 Gastrointestinal drugs
  • 7.1 Acid Suppressant Drugs
  • H2 Receptor Antagonists
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS (PPIs)
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Special requirements
  • 7.2 Drugs Used in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
  • Step-Wise Management of IBD
  • Aminosalicylates
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Special requirements
  • Corticosteroid Preparations
  • 7.3 Other Gastrointestinal Medications
  • Loperamide
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Laxatives
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples
  • Special requirements
  • Mebeverine and Alverine
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples
  • Antimuscarinic Antispasmodics
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions, adverse effects, interactions
  • Examples
  • 7.4 Anti-Emetic Drugs
  • Pathophysiology of Nausea and Vomiting
  • 5-HT3 Antagonists
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Dopamine Antagonists as Anti-Emetics
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions and contraindications, adverse effects, interactions and examples
  • Antihistamine Anti-Emetics
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions and contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Metoclopramide and Domperidone
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions and contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • 7.5 Anti-Obesity Drugs
  • Orlistat
  • 8 Neurological medications
  • 8.1 Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders
  • General Principles
  • Levodopa (And Dopa-Decarboxylase Inhibitors)
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Special requirements
  • Dopamine Receptor Agonists
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Special requirements
  • Comt Inhibitors (Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase)
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • MAOB Inhibitors (Monoamine Oxidase)
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Antimuscarinic Drugs
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Amantadine
  • 8.2 Antidepressant Medication
  • General Principles
  • SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Special requirements
  • Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Related Non-Tricyclic Antidepressants
  • Monoamine-Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Special requirements
  • Other Antidepressants
  • Serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
  • Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (NRIs)
  • 8.3 Antiepileptic Medications
  • General Principles
  • Mechanism of action of antiepileptic medications
  • Choice
  • Pregnancy
  • Withdrawal
  • Interactions
  • Driving
  • Carbamazepine and Related Antiepileptic Drugs
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Special requirements
  • Sodium Valproate
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples and dosing
  • Special requirements
  • Phenytoin
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Special requirements
  • Topiramate Topamax®
  • Gabapentin and Pregabalin
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Lamotrigine
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Special requirements
  • Barbiturates and Related Drugs
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Pharmacodynamics, cautions, adverse effects
  • Examples and dosing
  • Status Epilepticus
  • First line treatment
  • Second line treatment
  • Refractory epilepsy
  • Other agents
  • 8.4 Antipsychotic (Neuroleptic) Medications
  • General Principles
  • Pathophysiology of schizophrenia and antipsychotic medications
  • Classification of antipsychotics
  • First generation (typical) antipsychotics
  • Second generation (atypical) antipsychotics
  • Adverse effects
  • Choice
  • First Generation 'Typical' Antipsychotics
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Phenothiazine derivatives
  • Butyrophenones
  • Thioxanthenes
  • Substituted benzamides
  • Second Generation 'Atypical' Antipsychotics
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications and cautions
  • Important interactions
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples
  • 8.5 Hypnotic and Anxiolytic Medications
  • General Principles
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Anxiolytics
  • Hypnotics
  • Other benzodiazepines
  • Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotics (Z-Drugs)
  • 8.6 Medications for Bipolar Disorder and Mania
  • General Principles
  • Bipolar affective disorder
  • Acute mania control
  • Prophylaxis of mania and bipolar disorder
  • Lithium
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Special requirements
  • 8.7 CNS Stimulants
  • General Principles
  • Examples and dosing
  • 8.8 Drug Use in Dementia
  • General Principles
  • Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
  • NMDA receptor antagonist
  • Antipsychotics
  • 8.9 Drug Use in Substance Dependence
  • Alcohol dependence
  • Smoking cessation
  • Opioid dependence
  • 9 Endocrinology
  • 9.1 Treatment of Diabetes
  • General Principles
  • Insulin
  • Anti-Diabetic Medications
  • Biguanides (metformin)
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples
  • Special requirements
  • Sulphonylureas
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions and contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples
  • Other Anti-Diabetic Medications
  • Acarbose
  • Thiazolidinediones (glitazones)
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples
  • Special requirements
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions and contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples
  • Dipeptidylpeptidase (DPP-4) inhibitors (gliptins)
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples, specific cautions and special requirements
  • GLP-1 (glucagon like peptide-1) receptor agonists
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples, specific cautions and special requirements
  • Special requirements
  • 9.2 Treatment of Thyroid Disorders
  • Thyroid Hormones
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples
  • Special requirements
  • Thionamides (Anti-Thyroid Therapy)
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions and contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples
  • 9.3 Corticosteroid Therapy
  • General Principles
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions and contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples
  • Special requirement
  • Mineralocorticoids
  • Indications
  • 10 Analgesia
  • 10.1 Principles of Prescribing Analgesia
  • Causes of Pain
  • Strategies for Pain Suppression
  • Nociception
  • Block primary afferent
  • Interact with high level perception
  • Time Line of Pain
  • Chronic pain
  • Rational prescribing of analgesia
  • Acute pain
  • Post-operative pain
  • 10.2 Simple Analgesia
  • Drug Profiles
  • Paracetamol
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions and contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Dosing
  • Special requirements
  • Nefopam
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions and contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Dosing
  • Special requirements
  • 10.3 NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDs)
  • Drug Profiles
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions and contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples and dosing
  • Choice of Nsaid
  • 10.4 Opiates
  • Drug Profiles
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples and dosing
  • Weak opioids
  • Strong opioids
  • Special requirements
  • Opiate Dose Conversion Guide
  • 11 Antimicrobials I: Antibacterials
  • 11.1 Principles of Antibiotic Therapy
  • Starting Antibiotic Therapy
  • Sensitivity and Resistance
  • Sensitivity testing and antibacterial activity
  • Antibiotic resistance
  • Pharmacokinetic Considerations
  • Absorption
  • Distribution
  • Metabolism
  • Elimination
  • 11.2 Antibiotic Classes
  • Beta-Lactams
  • Penicillins
  • Examples
  • Beta-lactamase inhibitors and extended spectrum penicillins
  • Beta-lactamase inhibitors (and flucloxacillin)
  • Extended spectrum penicillins
  • Examples
  • Cephalosporins
  • First generation
  • Second generation
  • Third generation
  • Advanced generations
  • Carbapenems
  • Examples
  • Monobactams (mono-cyclic beta-lactam)
  • Glycopeptides
  • Main adverse effects
  • Examples
  • Macrolides
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples
  • Tetracyclines
  • Examples
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples
  • Quinolones
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples
  • Other Antibiotics
  • Metronidazole
  • Clindamycin
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Trimethoprim/co-trimoxazole
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Daptomycin (Cubicin®)
  • Fusidic acid
  • Linezolid (Zyvox®)
  • Anti-Tuberculous Agents
  • 12 Antimicrobials II: Antivirals and antifungals
  • 12.1 Antiretrovirals
  • NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHABITORS (NRTIs)
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples
  • NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS (NNRTIs)
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples
  • Protease Inhibitors
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples
  • Other Agents
  • Integrase inhibitors
  • Fusion inhibitors
  • CCR5 receptor antagonists
  • Antiretroviral drug combinations
  • 12.2 Other Antiviral Agents
  • Aciclovir and Related Drugs
  • Ganciclovir and Drugs Active Against Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
  • Oseltamivir and Zanamivir
  • Drugs Used in Viral Hepatitis
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis B
  • 12.3 Antifungal Drugs
  • Triazoles
  • Imidazoles
  • Polyenes
  • Other Agents
  • 13 Musculoskeletal and metabolic drugs
  • 13.1 Calcium and Bone Metabolism
  • General Principles
  • Bisphosphonates
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Cautions and contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Special requirements
  • Calcitonin and Parathyroid Hormones
  • Calcitonin
  • Parathyroid hormone and related drugs
  • Strontium Ranelate
  • 13.2 Neuromuscular Drugs
  • Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
  • Baclofen
  • Dantrolene
  • Tizanidine
  • Anticholinesterases (Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibitors)
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Examples
  • Quinine
  • Adverse effects
  • Dosing
  • 13.3 Gout
  • Treatment of Acute Gout
  • General principles
  • Colchicine
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Indications
  • Cautions
  • Contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Control of Chronic Gout
  • General principles
  • Allopurinol
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Cautions
  • Contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • 14 Prescribing anticoagulants
  • 14.1 Anticoagulation
  • Blood Coagulation Cascade
  • Warfarin
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Monitoring
  • Initiation of treatment
  • Rapid anticoagulation
  • Slow anticoagulation
  • Bridging protocols
  • Overdose/overtreatment
  • Avoiding prescribing errors
  • The Heparins
  • General principles and pharmacodynamics
  • Low molecular weight heparins
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Examples
  • Unfractionated heparin (UFH)
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Initiation of treatment and dosing
  • Monitoring
  • Adverse effects (both UFH and LMWH)
  • Fondaparinux
  • DIRECT FACTOR Xa INHIBITORS
  • Other Anticoagulants
  • Direct thrombin inhibitors
  • Heparinoids
  • 15 Prescribing of fluids
  • 15.1 Intravenous Fluids, Infusions and Electrolytes
  • Fluid Compartments and Daily Requirements
  • Fluid compartments
  • Daily fluid and electrolyte requirements
  • Formulated Intravenous Fluids
  • Crystalloids
  • Hypotonic (and relatively hypotonic)
  • Isotonic
  • Hypertonic
  • Colloids
  • Fluid Prescribing
  • Maintenance fluids
  • Fluid replacement
  • Resuscitation
  • Electrolyte Disturbances
  • Potassium
  • Hyperkalaemia
  • Causes
  • Clinical features
  • Management
  • Hypokalaemia
  • Causes
  • Clinical features
  • Management
  • Sodium
  • Hypernatraemia (Na+ >150 mmol/L)
  • Causes
  • Clinical features
  • Management
  • Hyponatraemia (Na+ <130 mmol/L)
  • Causes
  • Clinical features
  • Management
  • Calcium
  • Hypercalcaemia (Ca2+ >2.65 mmol/L)
  • Causes
  • Clinical features
  • Management
  • Hypocalcaemia (Ca2+ <2.2 mmol/L)
  • Causes
  • Clinical features
  • Management
  • Magnesium
  • Hypomagnesaemia (Mg2+ <0.7 mmol/L)
  • Causes
  • Clinical features
  • Management
  • Phosphate
  • Hypophosphataemia (PO43- <0.8 mmol/L)
  • Causes
  • Clinical features
  • Management
  • 16 Prescribing in diabetes
  • 16.1 Insulin and Prescribing in Diabetes
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Types of Insulin
  • Quick acting
  • Short-acting soluble insulin
  • Rapid acting insulin analogues
  • Intermediate/long acting
  • Isophane insulin
  • Long acting insulin analogues (lente insulin)
  • Mixed insulins
  • Insulin Regimes
  • Type 1 diabetes
  • Type 2 diabetes
  • Insulin and Dose Changes
  • High blood sugars
  • Low blood sugars
  • Avoiding Prescribing Errors
  • Insulin Infusions and Sliding Scales
  • Fixed rate insulin (diabetic emergencies)
  • Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
  • Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS)
  • Sliding scale regimens
  • General principles
  • Prescribing
  • Hypoglycaemia
  • Restarting patients usual insulin/oral hypoglycaemic regimen
  • Pre-Operative Patients
  • 17 Immunosuppressants
  • 17.1 Immunosuppressant and Immunomodulatory Drugs
  • Azathioprine and 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP)
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Cautions
  • Contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Special requirements
  • Methotrexate
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Cautions
  • Contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Special requirements
  • Sulfasalazine
  • Leflunomide Arava®
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Cautions
  • Contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Special requirements
  • Ciclosporin
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Cautions
  • Contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Important interactions
  • Special requirements
  • Anti-TNF-α Agents
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Indications
  • Cautions
  • Contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Examples
  • Special requirements
  • 18 Inotropes
  • 18.1 Inotropic Drugs (Reference Only)
  • Background
  • Part III Self-assessment
  • 19 Adverse drug reactions
  • Case Presentation 1
  • Question 1
  • Adverse Effect Options
  • Case Presentation 2
  • Question 2
  • Adverse Effect Options
  • Case Presentation 3
  • Question 3
  • Adverse Effect Options
  • Case Presentation 4
  • Question 4
  • Adverse Effect Options
  • Case Presentation 5
  • Question 5
  • Adverse Effect Options
  • Case Presentation 6
  • Question 6
  • Adverse Effect Options
  • Case Presentation 7
  • Question 7
  • Adverse Effect Options
  • Case Presentation 8
  • Question 8
  • Adverse Effect Options
  • Answers
  • Answer 1: C
  • Answer 2: D
  • Answer 3: E
  • Answer 4: C
  • Answer 5: C
  • Answer 6: D
  • Answer 7: B
  • Answer 8: D
  • 20 Communicating information
  • Case Presentation 1
  • Question 1
  • Information Options
  • Case Presentation 2
  • Question 2
  • Information Options
  • Case Presentation 3
  • Question 3
  • Information Options
  • Case Presentation 4
  • Question 4
  • Information Options
  • Case Presentation 5
  • Question 5
  • Information Options
  • Case Presentation 6
  • Question 6
  • Information Options
  • Answers
  • Answer 1: C
  • Answer 2: E
  • Answer 3: D
  • Answer 4: C
  • Answer 5: D
  • Answer 6: E
  • 21 Calculation skills
  • Case Presentation 1
  • Calculation 1
  • Case Presentation 2
  • Calculation 2
  • Case Presentation 3
  • Calculation 3
  • Case Presentation 4
  • Calculation 4
  • Case Presentation 5
  • Calculation 5
  • Case Presentation 6
  • Calculation 6
  • Case Presentation 7
  • Calculation 7
  • Case Presentation 8
  • Calculation 8
  • Answers
  • Workings
  • Workings
  • Workings
  • Workings
  • Workings
  • Workings
  • Workings
  • Workings
  • 22 Drug monitoring
  • Case Presentation 1
  • Question 1
  • Monitoring Options
  • Case Presentation 2
  • Question 2
  • Monitoring Options
  • Case Presentation 3
  • Question 3
  • Monitoring Options
  • Case Presentation 4
  • Question 4
  • Monitoring Options
  • Case Presentation 5
  • Question 5
  • Monitoring Options
  • Case Presentation 6
  • Question 6
  • Monitoring Options
  • Case Presentation 7
  • Question 7
  • Monitoring Options
  • Case Presentation 8
  • Question 8
  • Monitoring Options
  • Answers
  • Answer 1: B
  • Answer 2: B
  • Answer 3: B
  • Answer 4: C
  • Answer 5: C
  • Answer 6: D
  • Answer 7: E
  • Answer 8: A
  • 23 Data interpretation
  • Case Presentation 1
  • Question 1
  • Decision Options
  • Case Presentation 2
  • Question 2
  • Decision Options
  • Case Presentation 3
  • Question 3
  • Decision Options
  • Case Presentation 4
  • Question 4
  • Decision Options
  • Case Presentation 5
  • Question 5
  • Decision Options
  • Case Presentation 6
  • Question 6
  • Decision Options
  • Answers
  • Answer 1: D
  • Answer 2: A
  • Answer 3: E
  • Answer 4: D
  • Answer 5: E
  • Answer 6: C
  • 24 Planning management
  • Case Presentation 1
  • Question 1
  • Management Options
  • Case Presentation 2
  • Question 2
  • Management Options
  • Case Presentation 3
  • Question 3
  • Management Options
  • Case Presentation 4
  • Question 4
  • Management Options
  • Answers
  • Answer 1: D
  • Answer 2: C
  • Answer 3: A
  • Answer 4: B
  • 25 Prescription review
  • Case Presentation 1
  • Current Prescriptions
  • Question 1A
  • Question 1B
  • Case Presentaion 2
  • Current Prescriptions
  • Question 2A
  • Question 2B
  • Case Presentation 3
  • Current Prescriptions
  • Question 3A
  • Question 3B
  • Case Presentation 4
  • Current Prescriptions
  • Question 4A
  • Question 4B
  • Question 4C
  • Case Presentation 5
  • Current Prescriptions
  • Question 5A
  • Case Presentation 6
  • Current Prescriptions
  • Question 6A
  • Question 6B
  • Case Presentation 7
  • Current Medications
  • Question 7A
  • Question 7B
  • Case Presentation 8
  • Current Medications
  • Question 8A
  • Question 8B
  • Answers
  • Answer 1A: C
  • Answer 1B: D, E, H
  • Answer 2A: B, E
  • Answer 2B: A, D
  • Answer 3A: F, G
  • Answer 3B: C
  • Answer 4A: J
  • Answer 4B: E, H
  • Answer 4C: G
  • Answer 5A: C, D, F, G, H
  • Answer 6A: B, E
  • Answer 6B: A, F
  • Answer 7A: F, G
  • Answer 7B: B, E
  • Answer 8A: A, C
  • Answer 8B: F, G
  • 26 Prescribing
  • Questions
  • Background
  • Question Information
  • Scenario 1
  • Scenario 2
  • Scenario 3
  • Scenario 4
  • Scenario 5
  • Scenario 6
  • Scenario 7
  • Scenario 8
  • Answers
  • Scenario 1
  • Scenario 2
  • Scenario 3
  • Scenario 4
  • Scenario 5
  • Scenario 6
  • Scenario 7
  • Scenario 8
  • Index