Clinical Hematology: Principles, Applications, and Molecular Concepts
Höfundur:
Mary Louise Turgeon (Útgáfa: 7)
Kaup valmöguleikar
Clinical Hematology: Principles, Applications, and Molecular Concepts, Seventh Edition is designed to help students develop the professional entry-level competencies they need for certification and career success. The Seventh Edition strengthens the pedagogy that set the quality benchmark for hematology and includes the current, competency-based content needed by MLT and MLS students. This knowledge-base is designed to enable program graduates to achieve the goals of national board certification or licensure upon graduation and to demonstrate entry-level professional competencies for immediate and continuing career success.
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- Jones & Bartlett Learning
- 9781284312478
- 9781284289176
- ePub
- 7
- Mary Louise Turgeon
- English
- 2025-04-15
- 100
- 30
- 10
Kaflar
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Brief Contents
- Contents
- About the Author
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- CHAPTER 1 Safety Practices and Quality in the Hematology Laboratory
- An Overview of the Hematology Laboratory
- The Study of Hematology
- Functions of the Hematology Laboratory
- Patient Safety
- Safety Standards and Governing Agencies in the Hematology Laboratory
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration Acts and Standards
- Avoiding Transmission of Infectious Diseases
- Occupational Exposure
- Preventing Transmission of Infectious Disease
- Safe Work Practices and Protective Techniques for Infection Control
- Safety Manual, Policies, and Practices
- Standard Precautions
- Handwashing
- Personal Protective Equipment
- Decontamination of Work Surfaces, Equipment, and Spills
- General Infection Control Safety Practices
- Pipetting Safeguards: Automatic Devices
- Specimen-Processing Protection
- OSHA Medical Waste Standards
- The Safety Officer
- Quality Assessment in the Hematology Laboratory
- Regulations and Organizations Impacting Quality
- Components of Quality Assessment
- Nonanalytical Factors in Quality Assessment
- Quality Control in the Hematology Laboratory
- Terms Used in Clinical Quality Control
- Functions of a Quality Control Program
- Using Statistical Analysis of Results in Quality Assessment
- Other Statistical Applications in the Hematology Laboratory
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 2 Principles of Blood Collection
- Quality in Blood Collection
- Quality Assessment
- Patient Care Partnership
- The Phlebotomist as Laboratory Ambassador
- Patients with Special Considerations
- Safe Blood Collection Equipment
- Anticoagulants
- Adverse Effects of Anticoagulants
- Safe Needles
- Preattached Blood Collection Needle and Holder
- Evacuated Blood Collection Tubes
- Capillary Blood
- Specimen Storage and Handling Requirements
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- Suggested Reading
- CHAPTER 3 Cellular Morphology and Foundations of Genetic Hematopoietic Disorders
- Cellular Ultrastructure and Organization
- Cellular Membranes
- Cell Volume Homeostasis
- Reactive and Neoplastic Growth Processes
- Cytoplasmic Organelles and Metabolites
- Cellular Inclusions and Metabolites
- Nuclear Characteristics
- Chromosomes
- Activities of the Nucleus
- Apoptosis
- Prevention of Apoptosis
- Beneficial Outcomes of Apoptosis in Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Systems
- Regulatory Stimuli in Apoptosis
- Disorders Related to Decreased or Increased Apoptosis
- Meiosis
- Foundations of Genetic Interactions
- Genetic Alterations
- Oncogenes
- Cancer Stem Cells
- Tumor Protein, p53
- Minimal Residual Disease
- Characteristics of Non-Coding RNA Networks
- Housekeeping Non-Coding RNAs
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 4 Hematopoiesis
- Hematopoiesis: Stem Cell and Progenitor Development
- The Embryonic Phase
- Fetal Hepatic Phase
- Early Medullary Hematopoiesis
- Sites of Hematopoietic Organs and Tissues
- Primary Hematopoietic Organs and Tissues
- Thymus
- Secondary Lymphoid Tissues
- The Role of the Spleen
- Lymph Nodes
- Blood
- Cellular Elements of Bone Marrow
- Human Stem Cells
- Progenitor Blood Cells
- Erythropoiesis
- Granulopoiesis
- Lymphopoiesis
- Megakaryopoiesis
- Other Cells Found in Bone Marrow
- Cytokines
- Hematopoietic Growth Factors
- Transcription Factors
- Interleukins
- Examination of Maturing Blood Cells
- General Cellular Characteristics
- Nuclear Characteristics
- Cytoplasmic Characteristics
- Mature Blood Cells in Peripheral Blood
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- CHAPTER 5 Erythrocytes: Erythropoiesis, Maturation, Membrane Characteristics, and Metabolic Activities
- Erythropoiesis
- Erythropoietin
- Nutritional and Regulator Factors Associated with Erythropoiesis
- General Characteristics of Maturation and Development
- Developmental Stages
- Reticulocytes
- Disorders Related to Erythrocyte Maturation and Production
- Disorders of Erythropoietin
- Red Cell Increases
- Defective Nuclear Maturation
- Membrane Characteristics and Metabolic Activities of Erythrocytes
- Membrane Characteristics
- Cytoplasmic Characteristics
- Metabolic Activities
- Aging Erythrocytes
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- CHAPTER 6 Erythrocytes: Hemoglobin
- Characteristics of Hemoglobin
- Genetic Inheritance of Hemoglobin
- Chemical Composition and Configuration of Hemoglobin
- Hemoglobin Function
- The Role of 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate or 2,3-Biphosphoglycerate
- Oxygen Dissociation and Alterations
- Oxygen Dissociation
- Carbon Dioxide Transport
- Biosynthesis of Hemoglobin
- Formation of Heme from Porphyrin
- The Role of Iron in Hemoglobin Synthesis
- Globin Structure and Synthesis
- Disorders Related to Hemoglobin Biosynthesis
- Disorders of Heme (Porphyrin) Synthesis
- Disorders of Globulin Synthesis
- Ontogeny of Hemoglobin
- Embryonic Hemoglobins
- Fetal Hemoglobin
- Hemoglobin A
- Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Hemoglobin A1)
- Variant Forms of Normal Hemoglobin
- Carboxyhemoglobin
- Sulfhemoglobin
- Methemoglobin
- Abnormal Hemoglobin Molecules
- Analysis of Hemoglobin
- Hemoglobincyanide (Cyanmethemoglobin)
- Alkaline Electrophoresis
- Citrate Agar Electrophoresis
- Denaturation Procedures
- Chromatography
- Molecular Testing
- Catabolism of Erythrocytes
- Extravascular Catabolism
- Intravascular Catabolism
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- CHAPTER 7 Erythrocytes: Morphology and Inclusions
- Introduction
- Alterations in Erythrocyte Color
- Types of Variations in Erythrocyte Size
- Kinds of Variations in Erythrocyte Shape
- Varieties of Erythrocyte Inclusions
- Alterations in Erythrocyte Distribution
- Parasitic Inclusions in Erythrocytes
- Malaria
- Other Parasitic Inclusions
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 8 Leukocytes: The Granulocytic and Monocytic Series
- Introduction
- Granulocytic Series: Production of Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils
- Growth Factors
- Growth inhibitors
- Granulocyte Sites of Development and Maturation
- Distribution of Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils
- Normal Maturational Characteristics of Granulocytes
- Myeloblast
- Promyelocyte
- Myelocyte
- Metamyelocyte
- Mature Forms
- Granulation in Mature Forms
- Leukocyte Surface Markers
- The Monocytic-Macrophage Series
- Production, Function, and Kinetics of Monocytes and Macrophages
- Functions of Monocyte Subsets
- Functions of Macrophages
- Life Span
- Morphological Characteristics of Monocytes
- Normal Reference Ranges and Variations
- Abnormalities in Granulocytic Reference Ranges
- Functional Properties of Monocytes/Macrophages
- The Role of Macrophages
- Acute Inflammatory Response
- Phagocytosis
- Initiation of Phagocytosis
- The Endothelium
- The Movement of Neutrophils
- The Movement of Monocytes
- The Movement of Macrophages
- Adherence
- Differences in Phagocytosis: Monocytes
- Destruction and Debris Removal
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs)
- Specialized Functions of Granulocytes
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 9 Leukocytes: Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells
- Anatomical Origin and Development of Lymphocytes
- Sites of Lymphocytic Development
- Lymphocyte Kinetics: Life Span and Proliferation
- Lymphocyte Kinetics: Recirculation of Lymphocytes
- Normal Reference Values
- Absolute and Relative Lymphocyte Values
- Morphological Characteristics of Normal Lymphocytes
- Maturational Stages
- Specific Lymphocyte Morphological Variations
- Characteristics of Lymphocytes
- Major Lymphocyte Categories and Functions
- Major Lymphocyte Membrane Characteristics and Development
- T Lymphocytes
- Functional Testing of Lymphocytes
- T Lymphocytes, B Lymphocytes, and Plasma Cell Kinetics
- Plasma Cell Development and Maturation
- Maturational Morphology
- Plasmacytoid Lymphocytes
- Plasma Cell Disorders
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 10 Basic Laboratory Assessment of Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Platelets
- The Complete Blood Count
- Overall Quantitative Measurements
- Manual Erythrocyte, Leukocyte, and Platelet Counts
- Quantitative Assessment of Erythrocytes
- Hemoglobin Measurement in the Laboratory
- Hematocrit (Packed Cell Volume)
- Rule of Three
- Blood Volume Measurement
- Manual Erythrocyte Count
- Red Blood Cell Indices
- Reticulocytes
- Quantitative Assessment of Leukocytes
- Total Leukocyte Count
- Absolute Cell Counts
- Assessment of Eosinophils and Basophils
- Other Leukocyte-Related Assessments
- Neutrophilic Hypersegmentation Index
- Neutrophilic Function
- Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Test
- Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
- Quantitative Assessment of Platelets
- Platelet Count
- Peripheral Blood Film Evaluation
- Microscopic Examination
- Semiquantitative Grading of Erythrocyte Morphology
- Semiquantitative Assessment of Leukocytes
- Semiquantitative Assessment of Platelets
- Leukocyte Differential Count
- Principle
- Specimen
- Shift to the Left
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 11 Classification and Laboratory Assessment of Anemias
- Overview of Anemia
- Development of Anemia
- Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Anemia
- Classification of Anemias
- Morphologic Classification
- Pathophysiologic Classification
- Laboratory Assessment of Anemias
- Defining Anemia
- Other Measurement or Calculations
- Indications for Bone Marrow Examination
- Other Procedures or Calculations
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 12 Acute and Chronic Blood Loss Anemias
- What Is Anemia?
- Acute Blood Loss Anemia
- Etiology
- Physiology
- Laboratory Findings
- Chronic Blood Loss Anemia
- Etiology
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 13 Aplastic Anemia and Associated Anemias
- Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes
- General Characteristics of Bone Marrow Syndromes
- Hematology Laboratory Findings in Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes
- Acquired Aplastic Anemia
- Etiology
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Features
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Constitutional Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes Associated with Aplastic Anemia
- Fanconi’s Anemia
- Dyskeratosis Congenita
- Bone Marrow Failures Involving a Single-Cell Lineage
- Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA)
- Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia
- Severe Congenital Neutropenia and Cyclic Neutropenia
- Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia
- Pearson Syndrome
- Thrombocytopenia-Absent Radius Syndrome
- Reticular Dysgenesis
- Chapter Highlights
- Bone Marrow Failures Involving a Single-Cell Lineage
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 14 Disorders of Iron Metabolism and Heme Synthesis
- Introduction
- Iron Deficiency and Iron Overload
- Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Early Diagnosis
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Physiology
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Signs and Symptoms
- Genetics and Iron Deficiency
- Laboratory Characteristics
- Iron Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia (IRIDA)
- Anemia of Inflammation or Anemia of Chronic Disorders/Diseases
- Etiology
- Pathophysiology
- Laboratory Characteristics
- Treatment
- Disorders Related to Hemoglobin Biosynthesis: Sideroblastic Anemia
- Disorders Related to Hemoglobin Biosynthesis: Hereditary Hemochromatosis
- Disorders Related to Hemoglobin Biosynthesis: Heme (Porphyrin) Synthesis
- Disorders Related to Hemoglobin Biosynthesis: Disorders of Globulin Synthesis
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 15 Macrocytic and Megaloblastic Anemias
- Macrocytic Anemias
- Megaloblastic Anemias
- Etiology
- Pernicious Anemia
- Epidemiology
- Physiology
- Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
- Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Transport
- Pathophysiology
- Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
- Gastric Pathological Findings
- Signs and Symptoms
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment and Monitoring Therapy
- Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia
- Etiology
- Folates
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 16 Hemolytic Anemias
- Hemolytic Anemias
- The Role of Complement in Hemolytic Anemia
- Activation of Complement
- Classic Pathway
- Alternative Pathway
- Mannose-Binding Lectin Pathway
- Intravascular and Extravascular Hemolysis
- Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia
- Structural Membrane Defects
- Acquired Hemolytic Anemia
- Immune Mechanisms (Antibodies)
- Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias
- Isoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
- Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
- Delayed Hemolytic Reaction
- Drug-Induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia
- Medical Conditions
- Complement-Mediated Disease
- Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
- Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria
- Cold Agglutinin Disease
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 17 Sickle Cell Disease, Thalassemias, and Other Hemoglobinopathies
- Normal Hemoglobin
- Abnormal Hemoglobin Molecules
- Classification of Abnormal Hemoglobin Molecules
- Sickle Cell Disease
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Signs and Symptoms
- Prognosis
- Laboratory Testing
- Follow Up Laboratory Testing
- Management of Sickle Cell Disease
- Sickle Cell Syndromes: Pathogenesis and New Approaches
- Sickle β Thalassemia
- Sickle-C Disease
- Sickle Cell Trait
- Thalassemia
- Inheritance Patterns
- Genetic Defects in Thalassemia
- Demographic Distribution
- β Thalassemia
- The Role of Malaria
- α Thalassemia
- Hemoglobin H Disease
- Alpha Thalassemia Major (a0/a0 or __ _/_ _) (Hemoglobin Bart Hydrops Fetalis Syndrome)
- Other Hemoglobinopathies
- Hemoglobin C Disease
- Hemoglobin D Disease
- Hemoglobin E Disease
- Hemoglobin SC Disease
- Lepore
- Other Hemoglobinopathies
- Unstable Hemoglobins
- Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin
- Etiology
- Pathophysiology
- Laboratory Evaluation
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 18 Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes
- Introduction
- Granulopoietic Alterations: Quantitative Disorders
- Leukocytosis
- Leukocytopenia
- Morphological Abnormalities of Mature Granulocytes
- Nuclear Abnormalities
- Inherited Functional Abnormalities
- Granulopoietic Alterations: Qualitative Disorders
- Defective Locomotion and Chemotaxis
- Defects in Microbicidal Activity
- Abnormalities of Mature Granulocytes in Body Fluids
- Monocyte-Macrophage Disorders
- Lysosomal Storage Diseases
- Gaucher’s Disease
- Niemann-Pick Disease
- Miscellaneous Storage Diseases
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 19 Disorders of Lymphocytes
- Characteristics of Lymphocytes
- Lymphocytosis
- Disorders Associated with Lymphocytosis
- Infectious Mononucleosis
- Cytomegalovirus Infection
- Toxoplasmosis
- Reactive Lymphocytosis
- Bordetella Pertussis (Haemophilus Pertussis) Infection
- Lymphocytopenia
- Immune Disorders Associated with Lymphocytopenia
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS)
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 20 Characteristics of Leukemias, Lymphomas, and Myelomas
- Comparison of Leukemias, Lymphomas, and Myelomas
- Forms of Leukemia
- Classifications of Leukemias
- French-American-British Classification
- World Health Organization Classification
- Factors Related to the Occurrence of Leukemia
- Genetic and Immunological Factors
- Occupational Exposure
- Environmental Exposure
- Chemical and Drug Exposure
- Genetic Abnormalities and Associations
- Viral Agents
- Demographic Distribution of Leukemia and Lymphomas
- Ethnic Origin and Race
- Gender
- Prognosis and Treatment
- Leukemia Vaccines
- Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemias
- Transformation to Acute Leukemia in Neoplasms
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 21 Acute Leukemias
- Acute Leukemias
- Clonal Hematopoiesis
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia Classification Systems
- World Health Organization Classification
- Acute Myeloid Leukemias
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Cytogenetic Analysis in AML
- Molecular Analysis
- WHO Classification Revisions
- Acute myeloid leukemias defined by genetic abnormalities
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia Defined by differentiation
- Acute Erythroid Leukemia
- Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia
- Acute Leukemia of Mixed or Ambiguous Lineage (ALAL)
- Myeloid Sarcoma
- Genetic Differences
- Key Laboratory Findings
- Characteristics of FAB AML Subgroups
- FAB M0
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (FAB M1)
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (FAB M2)
- Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (FAB M3)
- Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia (FAB M4)
- Acute Monocytic Leukemia (FAB M5)
- Erythroleukemia (FAB M6)
- Selected Examples of Unusual Forms
- Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia FAB M7
- Cytochemical Staining
- Prognosis of AML
- Minimal Residual Disease
- Treatment Options
- New Drug Therapies
- Therapeutic Potential of ncRNAs
- Mechanisms of Drug Resistance
- Chemotherapy Procedures
- Relapse
- Allogeneic Hematopoietic-Cell Transplantation
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- FAB Classifications of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- WHO Classification of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- Childhood ALL Risk Factors
- Clinical Signs and Symptoms
- Adult ALL Clinical Staging Systems
- Laboratory Data
- Monoclonal Antibodies
- Other Surface Membrane Markers
- Special Identification Techniques
- Cytogenetic Analysis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- ALL Treatment
- Prognosis of ALL
- Treatment in Adult ALL
- Stem Cell Transplant
- Future Trends: Vaccines
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 22 Lymphoid Neoplasms: Lymphoid Proliferations and Lymphomas
- Lymphoid Neoplasms
- Leukemia Versus Lymphoma
- Monoclonal B-Cell Lymphocytosis
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL)
- Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL)
- Hairy-Cell Leukemia Variant (Splenic B-Cell Lymphoma with Prominent Nucleoli) (SBLPN)
- T-Cell and NK-Cell Lymphoid Proliferations and Lymphomas
- T-Prolymphocytic Leukemia (T-PLL)
- T-Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia (T-LGLL)
- NK-Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia (NK-LGLL)
- Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL)
- Sezary Syndrome (SS)
- Aggressive NK-Cell Leukemia (ANKL)
- Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas (CTCL)
- T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia
- Sézary Syndrome and Mycosis Fungoides
- T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia (LGLL)
- Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma
- Lymphomas
- Factors Associated with Lymphoid Neoplasms
- Classifications
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Laboratory Analysis: Immunophenotyping, Genotyping, and Karyotyping
- Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
- Leukemic Phase of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
- Hodgkin Disease
- Characteristics of Other Forms
- Plasma Cell Neoplasms and Other Diseases with Paraproteins
- Cold Agglutinin Disease Etiology (CAD)
- IgM and Non-IgM Monoclonal Gammopathies of Unknown Significance (MGUS)
- Multiple Myeloma
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Signs and Symptoms
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment Strategies
- Car-T Cell Therapy
- Therapeutic Vaccinations
- Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma
- Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma - Waldenström Primary Macroglobulinemia
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Signs and Symptoms
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment and Prognosis
- Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
- Light-Chain Disease (LCD)
- Heavy-Chain Disease
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Heavy Chain Disease
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 23 Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
- Precursor Myeloid Disease
- Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
- Relationship of the Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
- Common Disorders of Hemostasis and Coagulation
- Prognosis and Treatment
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Cytogenetics
- Genetic Alterations
- Clinical Signs and Symptoms
- Laboratory Data
- Cytogenetic Studies
- Prognosis and Treatment
- Minimal Residual Disease
- Leukemia-Specific Targets
- Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia
- Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia (CEL)
- PDGFRA-Associated Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia
- Polycythemia Vera, Essential Thrombocytosis (Essential Thrombocythemia), and Primary Myelofibrosis
- Polycythemia Vera
- Epidemiology
- Etiology
- Pathophysiology
- Karyotype
- Clinical Signs and Symptoms
- Laboratory Data
- Abnormalities of Hemostasis and Coagulation
- Other Laboratory Assays
- Treatment
- Prognosis and Complications
- Primary Myelofibrosis
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Karyotype
- Clinical Signs and Symptoms
- Cellular Alterations
- Prognosis
- Treatment
- Essential Thrombocytosis/Essential Thrombocythemia
- Diagnostic Characteristics
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Karyotype
- Clinical Signs and Symptoms
- Laboratory Findings
- Relationship of Thrombocythemia and PRV
- Treatment
- Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Signs and Symptoms
- Laboratory Findings
- Prognosis and Treatment
- Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, Not Otherwise Specified
- Mastocytosis
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 24 Myelodysplastic Neoplasms, Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms & Secondary Myeloid Neoplasms
- General Characteristics of Myelodysplastic Neoplasms and Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
- Myelodysplastic Neoplasms
- MDS Classifications
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Clinical Signs and Symptoms
- Laboratory Manifestations
- Relationship of Cytogenetics to Prognosis
- Treatment Strategies
- Childhood Myelodysplastic Neoplasms (MDSs)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Laboratory Studies
- Treatment
- Myelodysplastic Neoplasms/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MDS/MPN)
- Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia
- MDS/MPN with Neutrophilia
- MDS/MPN with SF3B1 Mutation and Fibrosis
- MDS/MPN, not Otherwise Specified
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Signs and Symptoms
- Secondary Myeloid Neoplasms
- Myeloid/Lymphoid Neoplasms with Eosinophilia and Tyrosine Kinase Gene Fusions
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 25 Principles of Hemostasis and Thrombosis: Vasculature and Platelets
- Overview of Hemostasis and Thrombosis
- Blood Vasculature: Structure and Function
- Arteries and Veins
- Arterioles and Venules
- Capillaries
- Vasculature Physiology
- The Role of Vasoconstriction in Hemostasis
- The Role of the Endothelium
- Maintenance of Vascular Integrity
- Thrombopoiesis
- General Characteristics of Megakaryocytic Development
- Cellular Ultrastructure of a Mature Platelet
- Platelet Kinetics, Life Span, and Normal Reference Values
- Cell-Based Mechanism of Hemostasis: Platelet Function
- Overall Functions of Platelets
- Phases of Platelet Activation
- Platelet Plug Consolidation and Stabilization
- Antiplatelet Agents
- Laboratory Assessment of Platelets
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 26 Disorders of Primary Hemostasis and Thrombosis Vasculature and Platelets
- Vascular Abnormalities
- Mechanical Force
- Blood Vessel Malformations
- Vasculitis
- Vascular Obstruction
- Bleeding because of Disorders of Perivascular Tissue
- Purpura Associated with Infections
- Purpura Related to Miscellaneous Causes
- Quantitative Platelet Disorders
- Thrombocytopenia
- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS)
- MYH9-Related Disorders (May-Hegglin Anomaly)
- Types of Thrombocytosis
- Qualitative Characteristics of Platelets: Thrombocytopathy/Thrombocythemia
- Acquired Platelet Dysfunction
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 27 Principles of Hemostasis and Thrombosis: Blood Coagulation Factors and Natural Coagulant Systems
- Blood Coagulation Factors
- Basic Concepts of Blood Coagulation
- Common Characteristics of Coagulation Factors
- Characteristics of Individual Factors
- The Plasma Clot–Based Mechanism of Coagulation
- Coagulation Pathways
- Cell-Based (Physiologic, In Vivo) Coagulation
- Thrombin-Mediated Reactions
- Fibrinolysis
- Other Systems and Inhibitors
- Laboratory Assessment of Blood Coagulation Factors
- Specialized Coagulation Testing
- Classic Assays for Coagulation Factors
- New Thromboplastins
- Assays for Fibrin Formation
- Global Testing
- Normal Protective Mechanisms against Thrombosis
- Normal Blood Flow
- Removal of Activated Clotting Factors and Particulate Material
- The Natural Anticoagulant Systems
- Cellular Regulators
- Modern View of Hemostasis
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 28 Disorders of Hemostasis and Thrombosis: Blood Coagulation Factors, Hypercoagulable State, and Anticoagulant Therapy
- Introduction
- Defective Production
- Vitamin K Deficiency
- Severe Liver Disease
- Renal Disease
- X-Linked Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis
- Autosomal Dominant Inheritance von Willebrand’s Disease
- Disorders of Destruction and Consumption
- General Features of Fibrinolysis
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
- Disorders Related to Elevated Fibrin Split Products
- The Hypercoagulable (Thrombophilia)
- Primary States of Hypercoagulability
- Secondary States of Hypercoagulability
- Pregnancy-Associated Thrombosis
- General Features
- Impaired Fibrinolysis
- Venous Thromboembolism
- Laboratory Assessment of Hypercoagulable States
- Traditional and New Oral Anticoagulants
- Traditional Anticoagulants
- New Oral Anticoagulants
- Clinical Applications of Warfarin and NOACs
- An Application of Laboratory Testing: COVID-19 Disease
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 29 Body Fluid Analysis
- Introduction
- Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Anatomy and Physiology
- Production of Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Specimen Collection: Lumbar Puncture
- Laboratory Analysis
- Pleural, Peritoneal, and Pericardial Fluids
- Effusions: Transudates and Exudates
- Pleural Fluid
- Peritoneal Fluid
- Pericardial Fluid
- Seminal Fluid
- Synovial Fluid
- Anatomy and Physiology of Joints
- Purpose of Arthrocentesis
- Aspiration
- Laboratory Assays
- Body Fluid Slide Preparation
- Staining of Body Fluid Sediment
- Amniotic Fluid
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 30 Instrumentation in Hematology
- Introduction
- Instrumental Principles
- The Electrical Impedance Principle
- The Optical Detection Principle
- Characteristics of Light Scatter
- Radiofrequency
- Fundamentals of Laser Technology
- Principles of Flow Cytometry
- The Basis of Cellular Identification
- Whole Blood Cell Analysis
- Types of Automated Cell Counting Instruments
- Quality Assurance of Output Data
- General Histogram Characteristics
- Analysis of Instrumental Data Output
- The Erythrocyte Histogram
- Quantitative Descriptors of Erythrocytes
- The Leukocyte Histogram
- Platelet Histograms
- Derived Platelet Parameters
- Laser Technology
- Red Blood Cells/Platelets
- Peroxidase
- Basophil/Lobularity (Nuclear) Channel
- Lymphocyte Subtyping
- Applications of Flow Cytometry
- General Properties of Flow Cytometry
- Hematological Applications
- Clinical Applications of Flow Cytometry
- Other Cellular Applications
- Digital Microscopy
- Artificial Neural Networks
- Digital Cell Morphology
- Instruments in Coagulation Studies
- Electromechanical Methods
- Photo-Optical Methods
- Viscosity-Based or Mechanical Detection System
- Platelet Agglutination
- Platelet Aggregation
- Newer Automation
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 31 Molecular Diagnostic Techniques and Applications
- The Human Genome Project
- Molecular Laboratory Techniques in Hematology
- Mutations and Polymorphisms
- Molecular Amplification Techniques
- Amplicons and Amplicon Control Measures
- Amplicons and Amplicon Control Measures
- Other Amplification Methods
- Molecular Analysis
- PCR Products
- Melting Curve Analysis (MCA)
- Capillary Electrophoresis
- Pyrosequencing
- Southern Blot Technique
- Next-Generation Sequencing
- Steps in NGS
- Targeted Sequencing
- Microarray Gene Chip Technology
- Molecular Diagnostic Testing Clinical Applications
- Hematopathology
- Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
- Gene Rearrangement Studies
- Minimal Residual Disease
- Chapter Highlights
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- References
- CHAPTER 32 Laboratory Hematology and Hemostasis Procedures
- Procedural Format
- Review Questions
- Hematology Procedures
- Review Questions
- Navigate
- Appendix A: Answers to Review Questions
- Appendix B: Hematology and Hemostasis Calculations
- Appendix C: Reference Values
- Appendix D: Frequently Used Abbreviations
- Appendix E: Safety Data Sheets
- Appendix F: Tube Guide BD
- Appendix G: The Microscope
- Appendix H: Quick References
- Appendix I: Bibliography
- Glossary
- eBook Index