Classical Mythology
Höfundar:
Mark Morford; Robert J. Lenardon; Michael Sham (Útgáfa: 12)
Kaup valmöguleikar
Building on the best-selling tradition of previous editions, Classical Mythology, Twelfth Edition, is the most comprehensive survey of classical mythology available--and the first full-color textbook of its kind. Featuring the authors' clear and extensive translations of original sources, it brings to life the myths and legends of Greece and Rome in a lucid and engaging style. The text contains a wide variety of faithfully translated passages from Greek and Latin sources, including Homer, Hesiod, all the Homeric Hymns, Pindar, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Herodotus, Plato, Lucian, Lucretius, Vergil, Ovid, and Seneca.
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- Oxford University Press Academic US
- 9780197653951
- 9780197653920
- ePub
- 12
- Mark Morford; Robert J. Lenardon; Michael Sham
- English
- 2023-02-01
- 100
Kaflar
- Cover Page
- Frontispiece
- Title page
- In Memoriam
- Dedication
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Preface
- Translations
- Spelling
- Art and Audio Program
- Audio Recordings
- Closer Look Image Analyses
- New to the Twelfth Edition
- Additional Teaching Learning Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Maps, Figures, and Myth & Culture
- MAPS
- FIGURES
- MYTH & CULTURE
- Closer Look Images and Audio Recordings
- CLOSER LOOK IMAGE ANALYSES
- Closer Look
- AUDIO RECORDINGS
- Audio
- About the Authors
- PART ONE The Myths of Creation: The Gods
- 1 Interpretation and Definition of Classical Mythology
- True Myth or Myth Proper and Saga or Legend
- Folk Tales and Fairy Tales
- The Problems Imposed by Rigid Definitions
- Myth and Truth
- Myth and Religion
- Mircea Eliade
- Myth and Etiology
- Rationalism versus Metaphor, Allegory, and Symbolism
- Allegorical Nature Myths: Max Müller
- Myth and Psychology: Freud and Jung
- Sigmund Freud
- Carl Jung
- The Legacy of Freud
- Myth and Society
- Myth and Ritual
- Myth as Social Charters
- Structuralist Interpretations of Myth
- Claude Lévi-Strauss
- Vladimir Propp
- Walter Burkert
- Comparative Study and Classical Mythology
- Oral and Literary Myth
- Joseph Campbell
- Gender, Homosexuality, and the Interpretation of Mythology
- Feminist Approaches
- Women in Greek Society
- The Theme of Rape
- Homosexuality
- The Mores of Mythological Society
- Some Conclusions and a Definition of Classical Myth
- Appendix to Chapter 1
- Sources for Classical Mythology
- Greek Sources.
- Roman Sources.
- The Eclectic Variety of the Sources.
- Translations.
- Select Bibliography
- Interpretation, Analysis, and Comparative Studies
- Myth and Psychology
- Gender, Homosexuality, and the Interpretation of Mythology
- Iconography, Religion, and Feminist Interpretations
- Art
- The Gods, Religion, and the Occult
- Additional Material
- Books
- DVDs
- Notes
- List of Key Terms
- 2 Historical Background of Greek Mythology
- The Bronze Age
- Minoan Civilization
- The Mycenaean Age
- Linear B
- Troy and the Trojan War
- Troy I–VI
- Troy VI–VIIa: The City of Priam
- The Luwian Seal from Troy
- The Greek Armada Lands at Besika Bay
- The Tomb of Achilles
- The Reality of the Trojan War
- End of the Mycenaean Age
- Select Bibliography
- Notes
- List of Key Terms
- 3 Myths of Creation
- Hesiod
- The Primacy and Mystery of Eros
- Creation According to Ovid
- The Sacred Marriage of Uranus (Sky) and Gaia (Ge, Earth) and Their Offspring
- The Titans and Their Descendants: Ocean, Sun, Moon, and Dawn
- Oceanus and the Oceanids
- Hyperion and Helius, Gods of the Sun
- Phaëthon, Son of Helius
- Other Loves of Helius
- Selene, Goddess of the Moon, and Endymion
- Apollo, Sun-God, and Artemis, Moon-Goddess
- Eos, Goddess of the Dawn, and Tithonus
- The Castration of Uranus and the Birth of Aphrodite
- Cronus (Sky) and Rhea (Earth) and the Birth of Zeus
- The Tradition That Zeus Was Born in Greece, Not in Crete
- Religious and Historical Views
- Mythological Interpretations
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- List of Key Terms
- 4 Zeus’ Rise to Power: The Creation of Mortals
- The Titanomachy: Zeus Defeats His Father, Cronus
- The Gigantomachy: Zeus Defeats the Giants and Typhoeus
- The Creation of Mortals
- The Four or Five Ages
- Prometheus against Zeus
- The Creation of Pandora
- Interpretations of the Myths of Prometheus and Pandora
- Aeschylus’ Prometheus Bound
- Io, Zeus, and Prometheus
- Zeus and Lycaon and the Wickedness of Mortals
- The Flood
- Deucalion and Pyrrha
- Succession Myths and Other Motifs
- Appendix to Chapter 4
- Parallels in Myths of Greece and the Ancient Near East
- Select Bibliography
- Greece and the Near East
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- 5 The Twelve Olympians: Zeus, Hera, and Their Children
- Hestia, Goddess of the Hearth and Its Fire
- The Diverse Character of Zeus
- Zeus and Hera
- The Sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia
- The Oracles at Olympia and Dodona
- Children of Zeus and Hera: Eileithyia, Hebe, Hephaestus, and Ares
- Eileithyia, Goddess of Childbirth
- Hebe and Ganymede, Cupbearers to the Gods
- Hephaestus, the Divine Artisan
- Hephaestus, Aphrodite, and Ares
- Ares, God of War
- Other Children of Zeus: The Muses and the Fates
- The Nine Muses, Daughters of Zeus and Memory (Mnemosyne)
- The Three Fates, Daughters of Zeus and Themis
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- 6 The Nature of the Gods and Greek Religion
- Anthropomorphism
- The Divine Hierarchy
- Zeus and Monotheism
- Greek Humanism
- Myth, Religion, and Philosophy
- The Legendary History of Herodotus
- The Tragedy of Croesus
- Herodotus as Myth Historian
- Greek Religion
- Greek Mythology and Religion
- The Nature of Greek Religion
- The Civic Religion of the Polis
- Heroic Cults of the Dead
- Priests and Priestesses
- Seers
- Mystery Religions
- The Sacrifice
- Select Bibliography
- The Pre-Socratics and Herodotus
- The Gods, Religion, and the Occult
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- List of Key Terms
- 7 Poseidon, Sea Deities, Group Divinities, and Monsters
- Peleus and Thetis
- Acis, Galatea, and the Cyclops Polyphemus
- Poseidon and Amphitrite
- Proteus
- The Appearance and Character of Poseidon
- Scylla and Charybdis
- The Progeny of Pontus and Ge
- Interpretative Summary
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- List of Key Terms
- 8 Athena
- The Birth of Athena
- The Sculpture of the Parthenon
- Athena Parthenos
- Pallas Athena Tritogeneia
- Athena and Arachne
- The Character and Appearance of Athena
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- List of Key Terms
- 9 Aphrodite and Eros
- Aphrodite Urania and Aphrodite Pandemos
- The Nature and Appearance of Aphrodite
- Attendants of Aphrodite
- The Phallic Priapus
- Pygmalion
- Aphrodite and Adonis
- Cybele and Attis
- Aphrodite and Anchises
- Eros
- The Symposium of Plato
- Aristophanes’ Speech in the Symposium
- Socrates’ Speech in the Symposium
- Cupid and Psyche
- Sappho’s Aphrodite
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- 10 Artemis
- The Birth of Artemis and Apollo
- Niobe and Her Children
- Actaeon
- Callisto and Arcas
- Orion
- Arethusa
- Origins of Artemis
- Artemis, Selene, and Hecate
- Artemis versus Aphrodite: Euripides’ Hippolytus
- The Misogyny of Hippolytus
- Misandry, Artemis, and the Amazons
- Lesbian Themes
- Additional Reading: Euripides’ Hippolytus
- Later Adaptations of the Legend
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- 11 Apollo
- The Birth of Apollo
- Apollo and Delos
- Apollo and Delphi
- The Oracle and the Pythia at Delphi
- The Cumaean Sibyl
- Other Loves of Apollo
- Apollo and Cassandra
- Apollo and Marpessa
- Apollo and Cyrene
- Apollo and Daphne
- Apollo and Hyacinthus
- Apollo and Cyparissus
- Apollo and Coronis
- Asclepius, the God of Healing
- Apollo’s Musical Contest with Marsyas
- Apollo’s Musical Contest with Pan
- The Nature of Apollo
- Additional Reading: Homeric Hymn to Pythian Apollo
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- DVDs
- Notes
- 12 Hermes
- The Birth and Childhood of Hermes
- The Nature of Hermes and His Worship
- Hermaphroditus and Salmacis
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- List of Key Terms
- 13 Dionysus, Pan, Echo, and Narcissus
- The Birth, Childhood, and Origins of Dionysus
- The Bacchae of Euripides
- Other Opponents of Dionysus
- The Nature of Dionysus, His Retinue, and His Religion
- Dionysus Spiritualized as Zagreus
- Dionysus, Icarius, and Erigone
- Dionysus’ Gift to Midas of the Golden Touch
- Dionysus and the Pirates
- Pan
- Echo and Narcissus
- Narcissism
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- List of Key Terms
- 14 Demeter and the Eleusinian Mysteries
- The Myth of Demeter and Persephone
- Interpretations of the Hymn
- Triptolemus
- The Eleusinian Mysteries
- The Greater and Lesser Mysteries
- Conjectures About the Revelation
- The Triumph of Matriarchy
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- 15 Views of the Afterlife: The Realm of Hades
- Homer’s Book of the Dead
- Interpretations of the Homeric Underworld
- Plato’s Myth of Er
- Vergil’s Book of the Dead
- Vergil’s Vision of the Afterlife
- Traditional Elements of Hades’ Realm
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- List of Key Terms
- 16 Orpheus and Orphism: Mystery Religions in Roman Times
- Orpheus and Eurydice
- Life of Orpheus, Religious Poet and Musician
- The Orphic Bible
- Mystery Religions in Roman Times
- Other Mystery Religions
- Cybele and Attis.
- The Cabiri.
- The Persian Mithras.
- Dea Syria and Other Syrian Cults.
- The Egyptian Isis.
- The Syncretism of the Goddesses
- Select Bibliography
- Orpheus
- Mystery Religions
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- List of Key Terms
- PART TWO The Greek Sagas
- Introduction to the Greek Sagas
- The Hero and Heroine in Saga and Folk Tale
- The Mycenaean World and Greek Saga
- Select Bibliography
- 17 The Theban Saga
- The Founding of Thebes
- Europa
- Cadmus, Founder of Thebes
- The Families of Labdacus and Lycus
- Laius
- Oedipus, Son of Laius and Jocasta
- Oedipus and the Sphinx
- The Recognition of Oedipus
- The End of the Oedipus Tyrannus
- Sophocles’ Oedipus at Colonus
- The End of the Life of Oedipus
- Other Versions of the Myth of Oedipus
- The Seven against Thebes
- The Preliminaries to the Expedition
- Incidents on the Journey from Argos to Thebes
- The Failure of the Attack on Thebes
- Amphiaraüs
- Antigone
- The Epigoni, Sons of the Seven against Thebes
- Alcmaeon, Eriphyle, and the Necklace of Harmonia
- Tiresias
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- 18 The Mycenaean Saga
- Tantalus and Pelops
- Atreus and Thyestes
- Agamemnon, Clytemnestra, and Aegisthus
- Orestes and Electra
- Additional Reading: Orestes and the Three Electras
- Aeschylus’ Libation Bearers (Choephori)
- Sophocles’ Electra
- Euripides’ Electra
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- List of Key Terms
- 19 The Trojan Saga and the Iliad
- The Dioscuri
- Helen
- The Judgment of Paris
- Troy and Its Leaders
- Dardanus
- Laomedon
- Priam and Hecuba
- Paris (Alexander)
- Hector, Andromache, and Astyanax
- Helenus, Deïphobus, and Troïlus
- Cassandra and Polyxena
- Aeneas
- Antenor
- Glaucus
- Sarpedon
- Rhesus
- The Achaean Leaders
- Agamemnon
- Menelaüs
- Diomedes
- Nestor
- Ajax the Greater of Salamis, the Son of Telamon
- Ajax the Less (or Lesser)
- Idomeneus
- Odysseus
- Achilles, His Parents, Peleus and Thetis, and His Son, Neoptolemus (Pyrrhus)
- Phoenix and Patroclus
- The Gathering of the Expedition at Aulis
- The Sacrifice of Iphigenia
- Calchas’ Prophecy
- The Arrival at Troy
- Philoctetes
- Achilles Heals Telephus
- Protesilaüs and Laodamia
- The Iliad
- The Olympian Gods in Battle
- The Fall of Troy
- Achilles and Penthesilea
- Achilles and Memnon
- The Death of Achilles
- Odysseus and Ajax Compete for the Armor of Achilles
- The Deaths of Paris and Priam
- The Wooden Horse
- The Sack of Troy
- The Trojan Women of Euripides
- The Sack of Troy in the Aeneid
- Appendix: Meleager and the Calydonian Boar Hunt
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- List of Key Terms
- 20 The Returns and the Odyssey
- Legends of the Returns
- Agamemnon, Menelaüs, and Nestor
- Diomedes
- Idomeneus
- Philoctetes
- Neoptolemus
- The Return of Odysseus
- Story of the Odyssey
- The Cicones and the Lotus Eaters
- The Cyclopes
- Aeolus and the Laestrygonians
- Circe
- The Nekuia
- The Sirens, the Planctae, Charybdis, and Scylla
- The Cattle of the Sun
- Calypso
- The Phaeacians
- Ithaca
- The Bow and the Killing of the Suitors
- The Father of Odysseus
- Telemachus
- Penelope
- The End of the Odyssey
- Odysseus and Athena
- The End of Odysseus’ Life
- The Universality of the Odyssey
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- List of Key Terms
- 21 Perseus and the Legends of Argos
- Argive Hera
- The Legend of Perseus
- Danaë and Acrisius
- Polydectes
- The Graeae
- The Gorgons
- Andromeda
- The Origin of Libyan Snakes, the Atlas Range, and Coral
- Polydectes and Perseus’ Return to Argos
- The Death of Acrisius
- Saga and Folk Tale
- Other Legends of Argos
- The Family of Inachus
- The Descendants of Io
- The Daughters of Danaüs
- Amymone
- Other Argive Heroes
- Appendix: Bellerophon and the Chimera
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- 22 Heracles
- Amphitryon and Alcmena
- The Birth of Heracles and His Early Exploits
- The Madness of Heracles
- The Twelve Labors
- The Peloponnesian Labors
- The Non-Peloponnesian Labors
- Other Deeds of Heracles
- Cycnus, Syleus, and the Cercopes
- Hylas
- Military Expeditions
- Heracles, Deïanira, and Iole
- Marriage to Deïanira
- Iole
- Omphale
- The Death of Heracles
- Heracles: Man, Hero, and God
- The Heraclidae
- Alcmena, Eurystheus, and the Children of Heracles
- The Return of the Heraclidae
- Some Later Survivals of the Myth of Heracles
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- List of Key Terms
- 23 Theseus and the Legends of Attica
- The Early Kings and Their Legends
- Cecrops, Erichthonius, and Erechtheus
- Cephalus and Procris
- Philomela, Procne, and Tereus
- The Ion of Euripides
- Orithyia and Boreas and Their Children
- The Confused Genealogy of the Kings of Athens
- Theseus
- Theseus’ Six Labors on His Journey from Troezen to Athens
- Theseus Is Recognized by Aegeus
- The Bull of Marathon
- The Minotaur
- Ariadne on Naxos
- Theseus Becomes King of Athens
- The Amazons
- Theseus and Pirithoüs
- Theseus, Phaedra, and Hippolytus
- Theseus as Champion of the Oppressed
- Other Adventures of Theseus
- Demophon
- Codrus
- Minos
- Daedalus and Minos
- The Flight of Icarus
- The Family of Minos
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- List of Key Terms
- 24 Jason, Medea, and the Argonauts
- The Minyae
- Jason and the Golden Fleece
- The Argonauts
- The Voyage to Colchis
- Hypsipyle and the Lemnian Women
- Cyzicus and Cios
- Amycus
- Phineus and the Harpies and the Symplegades
- The Voyage through the Euxine Sea
- Jason at Colchis
- Medea
- Ovid’s Narrative
- The Return of the Argonauts
- Pindar’s Narrative
- Apollonius’ Narrative and the Marriage of Jason and Medea
- Talus
- The End of the Journey
- Jason and Medea in Greece
- Iolcus
- Corinth
- Athens
- Interpretations of the Saga
- The Argonauts in Later Literature
- The Hero’s Quest
- Additional Reading: Jason and Medea in Euripides
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- PART THREE The Nature of Roman Mythology
- 25 Greek Mythology in the Roman World
- The Spread of Greek Influence in Italy
- Southern Italy and Sicily
- The Etruscans
- Rome
- Greek Mythology and Roman Architecture
- Roman Temples
- Roman Public Buildings
- Greek Mythology and the Imperial Regime
- Hercules
- Mercury
- Roman Military Power
- Greek Mythology and Roman Art
- Mosaic
- Painting
- Other Media
- Greek Mythology and Roman Literature
- Greek Phlyakes and Atellane Farces
- Livius Andronicus
- Naevius
- Ennius
- Pacuvius and Accius
- Greek Tragedy in Rome
- Public and Private Performance
- Catullus and the New Poets
- Ovid
- The Metamorphoses
- Pyramus and Thisbe.
- After Ovid
- Additional Reading: Stories from Ovid’s Metamorphoses
- Crocus and Smilax
- Ceyx and Alcyone
- Atalanta and Milanion
- Anaxarete and Iphis
- Iphis and Ianthe
- Baucis and Philemon
- Byblis and Caunus
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- List of Key Terms
- 26 Roman Mythology and Saga
- The Italian Gods
- Janus, Mars, and Bellona
- Jupiter
- Juno
- Minerva
- Divinities of Fire: Vesta, Vulcan, and Cacus
- Agricultural and Fertility Divinities
- Saturn, Ceres, and Their Associates
- Forest Divinities: Silvanus and Faunus
- Garden Divinities: Venus and Priapus
- Water Gods: Portunus and the Gods of Rivers and Springs
- Diana
- Mercury
- Divinities of Death and the Underworld
- Lares and Genius
- Non-Italian Gods
- Hercules
- The Dioscuri
- The Sibylline Oracles
- Apollo and Aesculapius
- Cybele
- Legends of the Founding of Rome
- Aeneas and Romulus
- Aeneas: The Tradition before Vergil
- Vergil’s Aeneid
- Jupiter in the Aeneid
- Aeneas: A New Epic Hero
- Dido
- Other Characters in the Aeneid
- The Death of Aeneas
- Anna and Anna Perenna
- Romulus and the Earliest Legends of Rome
- Romulus and Remus
- Romulus and the Sabines
- Other Characters in the Legend of Romulus
- Legends of the Regal Period
- The Horatii
- The Tarquins and Servius Tullius
- Lucretia and the End of the Monarchy
- Select Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Sources in the Chapter
- Additional Sources
- Notes
- List of Key Terms
- Glossary of Mythological Words and Phrases in English
- The Greek Spelling of Names
- Indexes
- Index of Authors, Artists, Composers, and Titles
- Glossary/Index of Mythological and Historical Persons, Places, and Subjects
- List of Illustrations
- List of Tables
- Images
- PART ONE The Myths of Creation: The Gods
- 1 Interpretation and Definition of Classical Mythology
- 2 Historical Background of Greek Mythology
- 3 Myths of Creation
- 4 Zeus’ Rise to Power: The Creation of Mortals
- 5 The Twelve Olympians: Zeus, Hera, and Their Children
- 6 The Nature of the Gods and Greek Religion
- 7 Poseidon, Sea Deities, Group Divinities, and Monsters
- 8 Athena
- 9 Aphrodite and Eros
- 10 Artemis
- 11 Apollo
- 12 Hermes
- 13 Dionysus, Pan, Echo, and Narcissus
- 14 Demeter and the Eleusinian Mysteries
- 15 Views of the Afterlife: The Realm of Hades
- 16 Orpheus and Orphism: Mystery Religions in Roman Times
- PART TWO The Greek Sagas
- Introduction to the Greek Sagas
- 17 The Theban Saga
- 18 The Mycenaean Saga
- 19 The Trojan Saga and the Iliad
- 20 The Returns and the Odyssey
- 21 Perseus and the Legends of Argos
- 22 Heracles
- 23 Theseus and the Legends of Attica
- 24 Jason, Medea, and the Argonauts
- PART THREE The Nature of Roman Mythology
- 25 Greek Mythology in the Roman World
- 26 Roman Mythology and Saga