Challenging Behaviour
Höfundar:
Eric Emerson; Stewart L. Einfeld (Útgáfa: 3)
Kaup valmöguleikar
'Challenging' behaviours are common among people with intellectual disabilities, resulting in significantly reduced quality of life. These may include aggression, self-injury, destructiveness, hyperactivity and inappropriate social conduct. This new edition provides a concise, accessible and contemporary summary of current knowledge about challenging behaviour, drawn from psychology, psychiatry, medicine and public health.
Fully updated and revised, it includes comprehensive coverage of the epidemiology and aetiology of challenging behaviours, and evidence of the efficacy and effectiveness of different approaches to intervention. This edition contains significantly expanded sections on the emergence and development of challenging behaviour and strategies for prevention, at the level of both individuals and service systems.
Nánar um bókina
- Cambridge University Press
- 9780511862168
- 9780521728935
- ePub
- 3
- Eric Emerson; Stewart L. Einfeld
- English
- 2011-02-03
- 10
- 5
- 5
Kaflar
- Coverpage
- Halftitle page
- Title page
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- 1. Introduction
- Terms and definitions
- Intellectual disability
- Challenging behaviour
- An overview
- 2. The social context of challenging behaviour
- The impact of challenging behaviours
- Abuse
- Inappropriate treatment
- Social exclusion, deprivation and systematic neglect
- Summary
- Intervention outcomes
- 3. The epidemiology of challenging behaviour
- The prevalence of challenging behaviours
- Total population studies
- Administrative population studies
- Types of challenging behaviours
- The co-occurrence of challenging behaviours
- Personal and environmental risk factors
- Gender
- Age
- Specific syndromes and disorders
- Level of intellectual impairment
- Additional impairments
- Setting
- Summary
- The natural history of challenging behaviours
- Onset
- Persistence
- 4. Biological influences
- Behaviour phenotypes of genetic disorders
- Fragile X syndrome
- Prader–Willi syndrome
- Williams syndrome
- Velocardiofacial syndrome
- Down syndrome
- Psychiatric disorders with significant biological origin
- Autism spectrum disorders
- Mood disorders
- Psychosis
- Anxiety disorders
- General health conditions
- Pain
- Epilepsy
- Effects of medications
- Temperament
- 5. Behavioural models: the functional significance of challenging behaviour
- Applied behaviour analysis
- Functional relationships
- Contextual control
- Behavioural systems
- Applied behaviour analysis and challenging behaviour
- Positive and negative reinforcement
- Automatic reinforcement
- Other behavioural processes
- Summary
- 6. Broader environmental influences on challenging behaviour
- Socio-economic position, poverty and behavioural difficulties
- Socio-economic position, poverty and the prevalence of intellectual and developmental disability
- The impact of socio-economic position on behavioural health and well-being
- The impact of socio-economic position on the behavioural health and well-being of people with intellectual or developmental disabilities
- Socio-economic position and intervention
- 7. Making connections
- Biological influences as establishing operations in behavioural processes
- Social context, parenting and behavioural processes
- Possible biological, behavioural and environmental influences on the emergence and persistence of challenging behaviour
- Emergence
- Persistence
- 8. The bases of intervention
- The constructional approach
- The functional perspective
- Social validity
- The emergence of positive behavioural support
- 9. Intervention: assessment and formulation
- Functional assessment
- The identification and definition of behaviours
- Descriptive analyses
- Generating hypotheses
- Experimental functional analysis
- Summary
- Assessing existing skills, competencies and potential reinforcers
- General competencies
- Discrepancy analysis
- Identifying preferences
- Significance of biological factors for assessment and intervention
- Evaluating the potential risks, costs and benefits of intervention
- Summary
- 10. Pharmacotherapy
- General guidelines
- The effectiveness of, and factors in prescribing, particular medications
- Antipsychotics
- Antidepressants and electroconvulsive therapy
- Anxiolytics
- Mood stabilizers
- Stimulants
- Anticonvulsants
- Antilibidinal agents
- Opioid antagoniosts
- Summary
- 11. Behavioural approaches
- Preventing the occurrence of challenging behaviours through the modification of establishing operations
- Modification of bio-behavioural state
- Changing the nature of preceding activities
- Changing the nature of concurrent activities
- Summary
- Behavioural competition and response covariation
- Functional displacement
- Differential reinforcement
- Modification of maintaining contingencies: extinction
- Default technologies: punishment
- Response cost: time-out and visual screening
- Positive punishment
- Cognitive-behavioural approaches, self-management and self-control
- Multi-component strategies
- Summary
- 12. The situational management of challenging behaviour
- The need for behaviour management strategies
- The characteristics of situational management strategies
- A typology of situational behaviour management strategies
- Epidemiology
- Good practice in situational management
- The social validity of situational management strategies
- Social acceptability?
- Socially significant outcomes?
- Reducing the use of situational management
- Summary
- 13. Challenges ahead: adopting an evidence-based public health approach to challenging behaviour
- Evidence of what?
- A public-health approach to challenging behaviour
- Primary and secondary prevention
- Tertiary prevention
- Scaling up services
- The innovation
- The ‘resource team’
- The adopting organization(s)
- The scaling-up strategy
- The balance of investment
- Some final thoughts
- Broadening perspectives
- Challenging behaviours in low and middle income countries
- References
- Index