By the People

Höfundar: James Morone; Rogan Kersh (Útgáfa: 7)
By the People

Kaup valmöguleikar

In a storytelling approach that weaves contemporary examples together with historical context, By the People: Debating American Government, Seventh Edition, explores the themes and ideas that drive the great debates in American government and politics. It introduces students to big questions like "Who governs?", "How does our system of government work?", "What does government do?", and "Who are we?" By challenging students with these questions, the text gets them to engage with, think about, and debate the merits of U.

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Útgefandi
Oxford University Press Academic US
ISBN
9780197794869
Print ISBN
9780197794852
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
7
Höfundar
James Morone; Rogan Kersh
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2026-12-21
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100

Kaflar

  • Cover Page
  • Maps
  • Title page
  • Copyright page
  • Dedication
  • Epigraph
  • Contents
  • About the Authors
  • Preface
  • By the People?
  • Who Are We?
  • How Government Works
  • That Optimism We Mentioned
  • In Short
  • Changes to the Seventh Edition
  • Getting Involved
  • Teaching and Learning Support for Instructors and Students
  • Optimize Student Learning with Oxford Insight
  • Student Resources Available in Oxford Insight
  • Packaging Options
  • Stay Current
  • Get Specialized
  • Write and Research Better
  • Know Your Rights
  • Become an Expert in No Time
  • Acknowledgments
  • Reviewers
  • 1 Ideas that Shape American Politics
  • 1.1 The Spirit of American Politics
  • Who Governs?
  • How Does American Politics Work?
  • Ideas
  • Institutions
  • Interests
  • Individuals
  • What Does Government Do?
  • Who Are We?
  • A Nation of Ideas
  • 1.2 Liberty
  • “The Land of the Free”
  • The Two Sides of Liberty
  • The Idea of Freedom Is Always Changing
  • 1.3 Self-Rule: Democracy or Representation?
  • One Side of Self-Rule: Democracy
  • Another Side of Self-Rule: A Republic
  • A Mixed System
  • 1.4 Limited Government
  • The Origins of Limited Government
  • And Yet … the United States Has a Big Government
  • Limits on Government Action
  • When Ideas Clash: Democracy and Limited Government
  • 1.5 Individualism
  • Community Versus Individualism
  • The Roots of American Individualism: Opportunity and Discord
  • Golden Opportunity
  • Social Conflict
  • Who Are We? Individualism and Solidarity
  • 1.6 The American Dream
  • Spreading the Dream
  • Challenging the Dream
  • Is the System Tilted Toward the Wealthy?
  • Does the American Dream Promote the Wrong Values?
  • 1.7 Equality
  • Three Types of Equality
  • How Much Economic Inequality Is Too Much?
  • Opportunity or Outcome?
  • 1.8 Religion
  • Still a Religious Country
  • So Many Religions
  • The Politics of Religion
  • 1.9 Diversity
  • Two Powerful Statements
  • The Long Debate
  • Who Are We?
  • 1.10 How Do Ideas Affect Politics?
  • Ideas in American Culture
  • The Ideas in Political Institutions
  • Culture or Institutions?
  • Conclusion: Culture and Institutions, Together
  • Chapter Summary
  • Study Questions
  • List of Key Terms
  • 2 The Constitution
  • 2.1 The Colonial Roots of the Constitution
  • 2.2 Why the Colonists Revolted
  • The Colonial Complaint: Representation
  • The Conflict Begins with Blood on the Frontier
  • The Stamp Tax and the First Hints of Independence
  • The Townshend Acts Worsen the Conflict
  • The Boston Tea Party
  • Revolution!
  • A Long Legacy
  • 2.3 The Declaration of Independence
  • The Principles: “We Hold These Truths …”
  • Grievances
  • 2.4 The First American Government: The Articles of Confederation
  • Independent States
  • The National Government
  • Some Success …
  • … And Some Problems
  • Secrecy
  • 2.5 The Constitutional Convention
  • How Much Power to the People?
  • National Government Versus State Government
  • Big States Versus Small States
  • The Virginia Plan
  • The New Jersey Plan
  • The Connecticut Compromise
  • The President
  • Committee or Individual?
  • The Electoral College
  • Separation of Powers
  • “A Principle of Which We Were Ashamed”
  • The Three-Fifths Compromise
  • The Slave Trade
  • Fugitive Slaves
  • “The National Calamity.”
  • 2.6 An Overview of the Constitution
  • Preamble
  • Article 1: Congress
  • Article 2: The President
  • Article 3: The Courts
  • Article 4: Relations Between the States
  • Article 5: Amendments
  • Article 6: The Law of the Land
  • Article 7: Ratification
  • The Missing Articles
  • 2.7 Ratification
  • The Anti-Federalists
  • The Federalists
  • Two Strong Arguments
  • A Very Close Vote
  • 2.8 Changing the Constitution
  • The Bill of Rights
  • The Seventeen Amendments
  • The Constitution Today
  • Conclusion: Does the Constitution Still Work?
  • Chapter Summary
  • Study Questions
  • List of Key Terms
  • 3 Federalism
  • 3.1 Where Did Federalism Come From?
  • 3.2 Who Should Wield Government Authority?
  • Advantages of State-Level Policy
  • Advantages of National-Level Policy
  • 3.3 How Federalism Works
  • The Constitution Sets the Ground Rules
  • The Constitution Grants National Authority
  • The Constitution Protects State Authority
  • The Constitution Authorizes Shared Power
  • The Layer Cake: Dual Federalism (1789–1933)
  • The Marble Cake: Cooperative Federalism (1933–1981)
  • The Super-Swirl Cake: Contested Federalism (1981–2025)
  • 3.4 Issues in Federalism
  • Climate Change
  • Healthcare
  • Reducing the National Government’s Size
  • Federalism in the Courts
  • 3.5 Nationalism, American Style
  • The Rise of Nationalism
  • The Two Faces of Nationalism
  • Engagement
  • Conclusion: Who Are We?
  • Chapter Summary
  • Study Questions
  • List of Key Terms
  • 4 Civil Liberties
  • 4.1 The Rise of Civil Liberties
  • Civil Rights and Civil Liberties
  • The Purpose of Civil Liberties
  • The Slow Rise of Civil Liberties
  • 4.2 Privacy
  • Penumbras and Emanations
  • Roe v. Wade
  • Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health
  • Sex Between Consenting Adults
  • Clashing Principles
  • 4.3 Freedom of Religion
  • The Establishment Clause
  • Free Exercise of Religion
  • 4.4 Freedom of Speech
  • A Preferred Position
  • Political Speech
  • Symbolic Speech
  • Limits to Free Speech: Fighting Words
  • Limited Protections: Student Speech
  • 4.5 Freedom of the Press
  • Prior Restraint
  • Obscenity
  • Libel
  • 4.6 The Right to Bear Arms
  • A Relic of the Revolution?
  • The Palladium of All Liberties?
  • 4.7 The Rights of the Accused
  • The Fourth Amendment: Search and Seizure
  • The Fifth Amendment: Rights at Trials
  • The Sixth Amendment: The Right to Counsel
  • The Eighth Amendment: Fines and Death Penalty
  • 4.8 Terrorism, Noncitizens, and Civil Liberties
  • Contacts with Forbidden Groups
  • Domestic Terrorism
  • The Rights of Noncitizens
  • Conclusion: The Dilemma of Civil Liberties
  • Chapter Summary
  • Study Questions
  • List of Key Terms
  • 5 The Struggle for Civil Rights
  • 5.1 Winning Rights: The Political Process
  • Eight Steps to Political Equality
  • The March to Civil Rights
  • How the Courts Review Cases
  • Suspect Category
  • Quasi-Suspect Category
  • Nonsuspect Category
  • 5.2 Race and Civil Rights: Revolt Against Slavery
  • The Clash over Slavery
  • Abolition
  • Economics
  • Politics
  • Dred Scott v. Sandford
  • The Second American Founding: A New Birth of Freedom?
  • Freedom Fails
  • 5.3 The Next Fight for Racial Equality
  • Two Types of Discrimination
  • The Modern Civil Rights Campaign Begins
  • The Courts
  • The Civil Rights Movement
  • Congress and the Civil Rights Act
  • The Rise of Black Nationalism
  • 5.4 After the Southern Civil Rights Movement
  • Affirmative Action in the Workplace
  • Affirmative Action in Education
  • Black Lives Matter Movement
  • 5.5 Women’s Rights
  • Suffrage
  • The Civil Rights Act of 1964: Unexpected Breakthrough
  • Equal Rights Amendment
  • The Courts
  • Progress for Women—But How Much?
  • Abortion
  • #MeToo
  • 5.6 Immigrants Help Build America
  • Latinos—A Rising Force in American Politics
  • Barriers to Civil Rights
  • Challenging Discrimination
  • The Politics of Immigration
  • Ancient Fears
  • Immigration by the Numbers
  • Three Categories
  • Undocumented Individuals
  • Immigration Policy
  • Too Many Immigrants? Or Too Few?
  • Language Controversy: “Speak English!”
  • Latino Political Mobilization
  • Asian Americans—The Fastest-Growing American Population
  • Facing Discrimination
  • Political and Cultural Influence
  • 5.7 Native Americans
  • The Lost Way of Life
  • Native Americans and the Federal Government
  • The Struggle for Native American Civil Rights
  • Native Americans and the Courts
  • 5.8 Groups Without Traditional Court Protections
  • People with Disabilities
  • Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
  • LGBTQ+ Civil Rights
  • The Conflicts Continue
  • 5.9 The Fight for Civil Rights Goes On
  • Voting Rights Today
  • Economic and Social Rights Today
  • Health
  • Income
  • Incarceration
  • Conclusion: Civil Rights … By the People
  • Chapter Summary
  • Study Questions
  • List of Key Terms
  • 6 Public Opinion and Political Participation
  • 6.1 Sources of Public Opinion
  • Political Socialization
  • Parents and Friends
  • Education
  • Gender
  • Race
  • Religion
  • Life Events
  • Party
  • Self-Interest: Voting Our Pocketbooks
  • Elite Influence
  • Wars and Other Focusing Events
  • 6.2 Measuring Public Opinion
  • Polling Bloopers
  • Polling 101
  • The Random Sample
  • Sampling Frame
  • Refining the Sample
  • Timing
  • Wording
  • Lies, Damn Lies, and Polls
  • Technology
  • Sampling Error and Response Bias
  • Do Opinion Surveys Influence Us?
  • 6.3 Public Opinion in a Democracy
  • Ignorant Masses
  • The Rational Public
  • Governing by the People
  • Do the People Know What They Want?
  • How Do the People Communicate Their Desires?
  • Do Leaders Respond to Public Opinion?
  • 6.4 Getting Involved: Political Participation
  • Traditional Participation
  • Voting
  • Electoral Activities
  • Voice
  • Direct Action
  • Civic Voluntarism
  • The Participation Puzzle
  • 6.5 Why Do People Get Involved?
  • Background
  • Age
  • Wealth
  • Education
  • Race/Ethnicity
  • Friends and Family
  • Community
  • Political Mobilization
  • Government Beneficiaries
  • Historical Context
  • 6.6 What Discourages Political Participation?
  • Alienation
  • Institutional Barriers
  • Complacency
  • Shifting Mobilization Patterns
  • 6.7 Social Media, Big Data, and Gen Z
  • How Social Media Improves Democracy
  • How Social Media Challenges Democracy
  • Centralized Control
  • Din
  • Misinformation, Malice, and Trolls
  • Does Social Media Increase Political Participation?
  • How Young Americans Participate
  • Conclusion: Government by the People
  • Chapter Summary
  • Study Questions
  • List of Key Terms
  • 7 Media, Technology, and Government
  • 7.1 Media and American Democracy
  • Providing Information
  • Watching Officials
  • Shaping the Policy Agenda
  • 7.2 U.S. Media Today: Traditional Formats Are Declining
  • Newspapers and Magazines: Rise and Decline
  • Radio Holds Steady
  • Conservative Talk
  • Public Radio
  • Podcasts
  • Television: From News to Infotainment
  • Cable
  • Infotainment
  • The Rise of Social Media
  • Worries About the News Media Today
  • Things to Cheer About the News Media Today
  • But Is It True? How to Spot Fake News
  • 7.3 Is the Media Biased?
  • Are Reporters Politically Biased?
  • Profits Drive the News Industry
  • Drama Delivers Audiences
  • Investigative “Bias”
  • The Fairness Bias
  • 7.4 How Governments Shape the Media
  • The First Amendment Protects Print Media from Regulation
  • Regulating Broadcasters
  • Regulating Social Media
  • Local News: Most Trusted … and Fading Away?
  • Public Ownership
  • Censorship
  • 7.5 Media in Context: War, Terrorism, and U.S. Elections
  • Covering Wars
  • The Campaign as Drama
  • Candidate Profiles
  • Conclusion: At the Crossroads of the Media World
  • Chapter Summary
  • Study Questions
  • List of Key Terms
  • 8 Campaigns and Elections
  • 8.1 How Democratic Are U.S. Elections?
  • Frequent and Fixed Elections
  • Over 520,000 Elected Officials
  • Barriers to Voting
  • Financing Campaigns: The New Inequality?
  • Too Much Money?
  • Democracy for the Rich?
  • Major Donors: Easier to Give
  • 8.2 Presidential Campaigns and Elections
  • Who Runs for President?
  • The Three Phases of Presidential Elections
  • Winning the Nomination
  • Organizing the Convention
  • The General Election
  • Winning Presidential Elections
  • The Economy
  • Demographics
  • War and Foreign Policy
  • Domestic Issues
  • The Campaign Organization
  • Parties Matter
  • The Electoral College and Swing States
  • That Elusive Winning Recipe
  • Predicting Presidential Elections
  • 8.3 Congressional Elections
  • Candidates: Who Runs for Congress?
  • The Power of Incumbency
  • Patterns in Congressional Elections
  • Redrawing the Lines: The Art of Gerrymandering
  • Nonpartisan Districting and Minority Representation
  • 8.4 How to Run for Congress
  • Key 1: Money
  • Key 2: Organization
  • Key 3: Strategy
  • Key 4: Message
  • Conclusion: Reforming American Elections
  • Reduce Gerrymanders
  • Adapt the Electoral College
  • Limit Money
  • Adopt Term Limits
  • Shaking Up the System
  • Chapter Summary
  • Study Questions
  • List of Key Terms
  • 9 Interest Groups and Political Parties
  • 9.1 Interest-Group Roles in American Politics
  • Informing Members
  • Communicating Members’ Views
  • Mobilizing the Public
  • What Do Interest Groups Do for Democracy?
  • Types of Interest Groups
  • Economic Groups
  • Citizen or Public Interest Groups
  • Intergovernmental and Reverse Lobbying
  • 9.2 Interest Groups and the Federal Branches of Government
  • Lobbyists’ Multiple Roles
  • Researchers
  • Witnesses
  • Position Takers
  • Coalition Builders
  • Grassroots Campaign Builders
  • Not Your Grandparents’ Lobbyists
  • Iron Triangles
  • Rise of the Issue Network
  • Interest Groups and the Courts
  • Lobbying on Judicial Confirmations
  • Filing Amicus Curiae (Friend of the Court) Briefs
  • Sponsoring Litigation
  • 9.3 Interest Groups and Power
  • Lobbyists in Washington
  • Interest Groups’ Spending
  • 9.4 Political Parties and the U.S. Government
  • What Political Parties Do
  • Parties Champion Ideas
  • Parties Select Candidates
  • Parties Mobilize Voters
  • Parties Organize Governing Activity After the Election
  • Parties Help Integrate New Groups into the Political Process
  • Two-Party America
  • Third Parties in American Politics
  • America’s Party Systems: Origins and Change
  • Beginnings: First Party System (1789–1828)
  • Rise: Second Party System (ca. 1828–1860)
  • War and Reconstruction: Third Party System (1860–1896)
  • Business and Reform: Fourth Party System (1896–1932)
  • Depression and New Deal: Fifth Party System (1933–1968)
  • The Sixth Party System: The Parties at Equal Strength (1972–Present)
  • 9.5 Party Identification
  • Building Party Identification
  • The Power of Party Attachment
  • Voting/Participation
  • Filtering
  • Ideology
  • Negative Partisanship
  • Republican Factions
  • American Nationalists or Trumpists
  • Religious Traditionalists
  • Fiscal Conservatives
  • Libertarians
  • Neoconservatives
  • Moderates
  • Democratic Factions
  • Progressives
  • The Civil Rights Caucus
  • Organized Labor
  • Centrists
  • Why So Many Factions?
  • 9.6 Party Organization
  • The Party Bureaucracy
  • Party in Government
  • Party in the Electorate
  • The Big Tent
  • 9.7 Party Competition … and Partisanship
  • Parties Rise Again
  • Partisanship Intensifies
  • Conclusion: A Political System Ripe for Reform?
  • 1 Regulate Interest Groups
  • 2 Proportional Representation
  • 3 Reduce Partisanship in Government
  • Chapter Summary
  • Study Questions
  • List of Key Terms
  • 10 Congress
  • 10.1 Introducing Congress
  • Two Chambers, Different Styles
  • House and Senate: Unique Roles for Each
  • 10.2 Congressional Representation
  • Does Congress Reflect America?
  • Race
  • Gender
  • Religion
  • Profession and Education
  • Descriptive Versus Substantive Representation
  • Trustees and Delegates
  • Do the Right Thing
  • Do What the People Want
  • What Should Members Do?
  • What Do Members Actually Do?
  • 10.3 Getting to Congress—and Staying There
  • The Permanent Campaign
  • Home Style: Back in the District
  • A Government of Strangers
  • 10.4 Congress at Work
  • The City on the Hill
  • Citizens of the City: Members and Staffers
  • Buzzing with Action: Life on Capitol Hill
  • Minnows and Whales: Congressional Leadership
  • House Leadership
  • Senate Leadership
  • Committees: Workhorses of Congress
  • The Enduring Power of Committees
  • Committee Assignments
  • 10.5 How a Bill Becomes a Law
  • Drafting a Bill
  • Submitting the Bill
  • Committee Action
  • 1 Hold Hearings on Policy Topics
  • 2 Prepare Legislation for Floor Consideration
  • 3 Kill Legislation
  • 4 Exercise Oversight
  • Floor Action
  • Getting to the Floor
  • On the Floor
  • The Vote
  • Conference Committee
  • Presidential Action: Separated Powers Revisited
  • 10.6 Why Is Congress So Unpopular?
  • Partisan Polarization in Congress
  • Divided Government
  • 10.7 Some Popular Reforms—and Their Limits
  • Limit Lobbyists
  • Educate the Public
  • The Real World of Democracy
  • Conclusion: Congress and the Challenge of Governing
  • Chapter Summary
  • Study Questions
  • List of Key Terms
  • 11 The Presidency
  • 11.1 Defining the Presidency
  • Defined by Controversy
  • The President’s Powers
  • 11.2 Is the Presidency Too Powerful?
  • An Imperial Presidency?
  • A Weak Office?
  • 11.3 What Presidents Do
  • Commander-in-Chief
  • Top Diplomat
  • The First Legislator
  • Recommending Measures
  • State of the Union
  • Presidential “Batting Average.”
  • Veto
  • Signing Statements
  • Chief Bureaucrat
  • Appointments
  • Executive Orders
  • Economist-in-Chief
  • Head of State
  • Party Leader
  • The Bully Pulpit: Introducing Ideas
  • The Impossible Job
  • 11.4 Presidential Leadership: Success and Failure in the Oval Office
  • Managing the Public
  • Approval Ratings
  • Presidential Greatness
  • Greatness in Context: The Rise and Fall of Political Orders
  • Step 1: A New Order Rises
  • Step 2: The Order Refreshed
  • Step 3: The Old Order Crumbles
  • The Burden of Office
  • 11.5 The President’s Team: A Tour of the White House
  • The Political Solar System: Presidential Appointments
  • The Vice President
  • The Cabinet
  • The Executive Office of the President
  • The Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
  • The Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) and National Economic Council (NEC)
  • The National Security Council (NSC)
  • The Heart of Power: The White House Office
  • The First Spouse
  • Conclusion: The Most Powerful Office on Earth?
  • Chapter Summary
  • Study Questions
  • List of Key Terms
  • 12 Bureaucracy
  • 12.1 How the Bureaucracy Grew
  • Birth of the Bureaucracy
  • War
  • Morality
  • Economics
  • Geography
  • Race and Ethnicity
  • Toward Efficiency
  • The Bureaucratic Model
  • Hierarchy
  • Division of Labor
  • Fixed Routines
  • Equal Rules for All
  • Technical Qualifications
  • Bureaucratic Pathologies
  • The Democratic Dilemma
  • 12.2 How Bureaucracies Work
  • Rulemaking
  • Implementation
  • 12.3 How the Bureaucracy Is Organized
  • The Cabinet Departments
  • The Challenge of Governing
  • Compare to Parliamentary Systems
  • Cabinet Meetings
  • The Rotating Bureaucracy
  • The Cabinet and Diversity
  • Other Agencies
  • Executive Agencies
  • Independent Regulatory Commissions
  • An Army of Their Own
  • Private Contractors
  • 12.4 Who Controls the Federal Bureaucracy?
  • The People
  • The President
  • Congress
  • Interest Groups
  • Bureaucratic Autonomy
  • Challenging the Experts
  • The Courts Step In
  • Democracy Revisited
  • 12.5 Reforming the Bureaucracy
  • Critiques
  • Cost
  • Inertia
  • Public Mistrust
  • Proposed Reforms
  • Open Up the System
  • More Efficiency!
  • Restore the Original Constitutional Logic
  • Privatization
  • Conclusion: The Real Solution Lies with You
  • Chapter Summary
  • Study Questions
  • List of Key Terms
  • 13 The Judicial Branch
  • 13.1 Who Are We? A Nation of Laws … and Lawyers
  • Embracing the Law—and Lawsuits
  • Trust in Courts
  • 13.2 Organizing the Judicial Branch
  • Divided We Rule
  • State and Local Courts
  • Judicial Selection
  • Judicial Selection in the States
  • Judicial Selection to the Federal Bench
  • Federal Courts in Action
  • Specialized Courts
  • Diversity in the Federal Judiciary
  • 13.3 The Court’s Role
  • Judicial Review
  • Activism Versus Restraint
  • The Judicial Process
  • Too Much Power?
  • Or Still the “Least Dangerous” Branch?
  • 13.4 The Supreme Court and How It Operates
  • Hearing Cases
  • Selecting Cases: Formal Requirements
  • Selecting Cases: Informal Factors
  • Conference Sessions and Written Decisions
  • Supreme Court Clerks
  • Confirmation Battles
  • 13.5 Judicial Decision Making and Reform
  • The Role of Law
  • Ideology and Partisanship
  • Collegiality and Peer Pressure
  • Institutional Concerns
  • 13.6 Nineteen Cases You Should Know
  • 1 Marbury v. Madison (1803)
  • 2 McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
  • 3 Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
  • 4 Santa Clara Co. v. Southern Pacific Railroad (1886)
  • 5 Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
  • 6 Lochner v. New York (1905)
  • 7 Muller v. Oregon (1908)
  • 8 Schenck v. United States (1919)
  • 9 National Labor Relations Board v. Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation (1937)
  • 10 Korematsu v. United States (1944)
  • 11 Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
  • 12 Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
  • 13 Roe v. Wade (1973) [and Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, 2022]
  • 14 United States v. Nixon (1974) [and Trump v. United States, 2024]
  • 15 Bush v. Gore (2000)
  • 16 Citizens United v. Federal Elections Commission (2010)
  • 17 National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012)
  • 18 Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)
  • 19 Looper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo (2024)
  • Landmark Cases—and the Power of the Court
  • 13.7 Improving the Judiciary
  • Policing Reforms
  • Term Limits
  • Share Authority with Congress
  • Conclusion: Democracy and the Courts
  • Chapter Summary
  • Study Questions
  • List of Key Terms
  • 14 Domestic and Foreign Policy
  • 14.1 Public Policymaking in Seven (Not-So-Easy) Stages
  • 1 Agenda Setting
  • 2 Framing or Problem Definition
  • 3 Policy Formation
  • 4 Adoption
  • 5 Policy Implementation
  • 6 Administration
  • 7 Evaluation
  • 14.2 U.S. Social Policy
  • Social Policy: The Early Days
  • Old-Age Insurance: Social Security
  • Unemployment Benefits
  • Health and Disability: Medicare/Medicaid
  • 14.3 Economic Policymaking: Fiscal and Monetary Policy
  • Fiscal Policy
  • Monetary Policy
  • 14.4 Economic Policymaking: The Federal Budget Process
  • President’s Budget Proposal
  • Congressional Budget Resolution
  • Reign of the Cardinals: Appropriations Committee Action
  • 14.5 Foreign Policy Goal No. 1: Security
  • Military Primacy
  • Basis for Primacy: Realism
  • A Different View: Liberalism
  • Soft Power
  • Foreign Aid and National Security
  • 14.6 Foreign Policy Goal No. 2: Prosperity
  • Economic Superpower or Nation in Decline?
  • Free Trade
  • Challenges to Free Trade
  • Cost
  • Social Displacement
  • Volatile Markets
  • Protectionist Pushback
  • Energy
  • Economic Weapons
  • 14.7 Foreign Policy Goal No. 3: Spreading American Ideals
  • 14.8 Who Makes Foreign Policy?
  • Congress
  • The President
  • The State Department
  • The Department of Defense
  • Intelligence
  • The National Security Council
  • Other Executive Agencies
  • Interest Groups and the Public
  • Fragmentation or Success?
  • 14.9 Grand Strategies in U.S. History
  • Standing Alone (1918–1939)
  • The Cold War (1945–1989)
  • The New World Order (1989–2001)
  • The War on Terror (2001–2009)
  • The Next Grand Strategy
  • Conclusion: Policy Matters
  • Chapter Summary
  • Study Questions
  • List of Key Terms
  • Appendix I The Declaration of Independence
  • Appendix II The Constitution of the United States of America
  • Article I
  • Section 1
  • Section 2
  • Section 3
  • Section 4
  • Section 5
  • Section 6
  • Section 7
  • Section 8
  • Section 9
  • Section 10
  • Article II
  • Section 1
  • Section 2
  • Section 3
  • Section 4
  • Article III
  • Section 1
  • Section 2
  • Section 3
  • Article IV
  • Section 1
  • Section 2
  • Section 3
  • Section 4
  • Article V
  • Article VI
  • Article VII
  • Articles
  • Amendment I
  • Amendment II
  • Amendment III
  • Amendment IV
  • Amendment V
  • Amendment VI
  • Amendment VII
  • Amendment VIII
  • Amendment IX
  • Amendment X
  • Amendment XI
  • Amendment XII
  • Amendment XIII
  • Section 1
  • Section 2
  • Amendment XIV
  • Section 1
  • Section 2
  • Section 3
  • Section 4
  • Section 5
  • Amendment XV
  • Section 1
  • Section 2
  • Amendment XVI
  • Amendment XVII
  • Amendment XVIII
  • Section 1
  • Section 2
  • Section 3
  • Amendment XIX
  • Amendment XX
  • Section 1
  • Section 2
  • Section 3
  • Section 4
  • Section 5
  • Section 6
  • Amendment XXI
  • Section 1
  • Section 2
  • Section 3
  • Amendment XXII
  • Section 1
  • Section 2
  • Amendment XXIII
  • Section 1
  • Section 2
  • Amendment XXIV
  • Section 1
  • Section 2
  • Amendment XXV
  • Section 1
  • Section 2
  • Section 3
  • Section 4
  • Amendment XXVI
  • Section 1
  • Section 2
  • Amendment XXVII
  • Appendix III The Federalist Papers
  • Appendix IV Presidential Elections, Congressional Control, 1789–2024
  • Glossary
  • Notes
  • Chapter 1
  • Chapter 2
  • Chapter 3
  • Chapter 4
  • Chapter 5
  • Chapter 6
  • Chapter 7
  • Chapter 8
  • Chapter 9
  • Chapter 10
  • Chapter 11
  • Chapter 12
  • Chapter 13
  • Chapter 14
  • Credits
  • Photos
  • About the Authors
  • Chapter 1
  • Chapter 2
  • Chapter 3
  • Chapter 4
  • Chapter 5
  • Chapter 6
  • Chapter 7
  • Chapter 8
  • Chapter 9
  • Chapter 10
  • Chapter 11
  • Chapter 12
  • Chapter 13
  • Chapter 14
  • Figures
  • Chapter 1
  • Chapter 2
  • Chapter 3
  • Chapter 4
  • Chapter 5
  • Chapter 6
  • Chapter 7
  • Chapter 8
  • Chapter 9
  • Chapter 10
  • Chapter 13
  • Chapter 14
  • List of Illustrations
  • List of Tables
  • Images
  • 1 Ideas that Shape American Politics
  • 2 The Constitution
  • 3 Federalism
  • 4 Civil Liberties
  • 5 The Struggle for Civil Rights
  • 6 Public Opinion and Political Participation
  • 7 Media, Technology, and Government
  • 8 Campaigns and Elections
  • 9 Interest Groups and Political Parties
  • 10 Congress
  • 11 The Presidency
  • 12 Bureaucracy
  • 13 The Judicial Branch
  • 14 Domestic and Foreign Policy