Breaking Rules: The Social and Situational Dynamics of Young People's Urban Crime
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Why do certain people commit acts of crime? Why does crime happen in certain places? Presenting an ambitious new study designed to test a pioneering new theory of the causes of crime, Breaking Rules: The Social and Situational Dynamics of Young People's Urban Crime demonstrates that these questions can only go so far in explaining why crime happens - and, therefore, in preventing it. Based on the work of the Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study (PADS+), Breaking Rules presents an analysis of the urban structure of Peterborough and its relation to young people's social life.
Contemporary sciences state that behaviour is the outcome of an interaction between people and the environments to which they are exposed, and it is precisely that interaction and its relation to young people's crime involvement that PADS+ explores. Driven by a ground-breaking theory of crime, Situational Action Theory, which aims to explain why people break rules, it implements innovative methods of measuring social environments and people's exposure to them, involving a cohort of 700 young people growing up in the UK city of Peterborough.
It focuses on the important adolescent time window, ages 12 to 17, during which young people's crime involvement is at its peak, using unique space-time budget data to explore young people's time use, movement patterns, and the spatio-temporal characteristics of their crime involvement. Presenting the first study of this kind, both in breadth and detail, with significant implications for policy and prevention, Breaking Rules should not only be of great interest to academic readers, but also to policy-makers and practitioners, interested in issues of urban environments, crime within urban environments, and the role of social environments in crime causation.
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- Oxford University Press Academic UK
- 9780191634109
- 9780199592845
- ePub
- 0
- Per-Olof H. Wikström; Dietrich Oberwittler; Kyle Treiber; Beth Hardie
- English
- 2012-05-23
- 100
Kaflar
- Cover Page
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Table of Contents
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- Part 1 Analysing Crime as Situational Action: Theory, Methods, Key Constructs, and Basic Findings
- 1. Situational Action Theory
- 1.1 Criminology: A fragmented and poorly integrated discipline
- 1.2 Key common shortcomings in criminological theory
- 1.3 Situational Action Theory: Basic constructs and propositions
- 1.4 Situational Action Theory: The causes of the causes
- 1.5 Explaining urban crime patterns
- 2. The Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study
- 2.1 The research design
- 2.2 The cohort study
- 2.3 Parents’ interviews
- 2.4 Young people’s interviews
- 2.5 Space–time budget
- 2.6 Criminal justice records data
- 2.7 Data quality
- 2.8 Small area community survey (PCS)
- 2.9 Summary and conclusion
- 3. Young People’s Crime, Crime Propensity, and Criminogenic Exposure: Key Constructs and Basic Findings
- 3.1 Crime
- 3.2 Crime propensity
- 3.3 Criminogenic exposure
- 3.4 Predicting crime involvement: The interaction between crime propensity and criminogenic exposure
- 3.5 Summary and conclusion
- Part 2 The Social Dynamics of Young People’s Urban Crime
- 4. Peterborough, Its Urban Structure, and Crime
- 4.1 Peterborough: The research site
- 4.2 Land use
- 4.3 Residential segregation
- 4.4 Area patterns of crime and disorder
- 4.5 Modelling population structure, collective efficacy, land use, and crime events
- 4.6 Summary and conclusion
- 5. Young Offenders and Their Crimes in the Urban Environment
- 5.1 Area patterns of young people’s crime
- 5.2 Modelling the distribution of young people’s crime
- 5.3 Offender home locations
- 5.4 Modelling the distribution of young offenders
- 5.5 Crime and distance
- 5.6 Summary and conclusion
- 6. Young People, Their Activities, and Criminogenic Exposure
- 6.1 Young people’s activity patterns
- 6.2 Settings and circumstances of criminogenic exposure
- 6.3 Social sources of young people’s criminogenic exposure
- 6.4 Differential effects of criminogenic exposure by young people’s crime propensity
- 6.5 Explaining the variation in area concentrations of young people’s crime
- 6.6 Summary and conclusion
- Part 3 The Situational Dynamics of Young People’s Crime
- 7. The Crime Convergence: Kinds of People in Kinds of Settings
- 7.1 Studying the intersection of people and settings
- 7.2 Distribution of space–time budget crimes
- 7.3 Exposure to criminogenic settings and crime involvement by crime propensity
- 7.4 Summary and conclusions
- 8. Choosing Crime as an Alternative: Crime Propensity, The Perception – Choice Process, and Crime
- 8.1 Capturing the perception – choice process: A factorial survey approach
- 8.2 PADS+ randomized scenarios
- 8.3 Scenario findings
- 8.4 Hypothetical scenarios and the real world
- 8.5 Summary and conclusion
- Part 4 The Dynamics of Rule-Breaking: Key Findings
- 9. It’s All About Interactions
- 9.1 Breaking rules
- 9.2 It’s all about interactions
- Appendices
- A1 Technical Appendix
- A1.1 Calculating distance
- A1.2 Presentation of spatial data
- A1.3 Controlling for resident young people
- A1.4 Quantifying time use
- A2 Space–Time Budget Coding Appendix
- A2.1 Activity
- A2.2 Place
- A2.3 With whom
- A2.4 Extra incidents
- References
- Index
- Footnotes
- Ch01 Footnote
- Ch02 Footnote
- Ch03 Footnote
- Ch04 Footnote
- Ch05 Footnote
- Ch06 Footnote
- Ch07 Footnote
- Ch08 Footnote
- Appendix Footnote