Bates' Pocket Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking

Höfundur: Rainier P. Soriano (Útgáfa: 10)
Bates' Pocket Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking

Kaup valmöguleikar

Offering concise, authoritative guidance on how to perform the patient interview, physical examination, and other core assessments, Bates’ Pocket Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 10th Edition, is an ideal quick-reference resource for today’s medical, PA, pharmacy, and nursing students. Significantly revised to reflect patient presentation in the clinical setting, this up-to-date pocket reference includes fully illustrated, step-by-step techniques organized by conditions (such as red eye, dizziness, loss of consciousness), illness scripts, quick-reference algorithms, and other student-friendly learning aids.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Wolters Kluwer Health
ISBN
9781975218461
Print ISBN
9781975218447
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
10
Höfundar
Rainier P. Soriano
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2025-12-01
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
10
Prent takmörkun
2
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright
  • Dedication
  • Faculty Contributors
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • Contents
  • UNIT 1: Foundational and Integrated Clinical Skills
  • CHAPTER 1: Approach to the Clinical Encounter
  • STRUCTURE AND SEQUENCE OF THE CLINICAL ENCOUNTER
  • Stage 1: Initiating the Encounter
  • Stage 2: Gathering Information
  • Stage 3: Performing the Physical Examination
  • Stage 4: Explaining and Planning
  • Stage 5: Closing the Encounter
  • MINDFULNESS AND SELF-REFLECTION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
  • Mindfulness in Clinical Practice
  • Self-Reflection in Clinical Practice
  • Reducing Bias Through Mindfulness and Reflection
  • Enhancing Empathy Through Mindfulness
  • CHAPTER 2: Communication Skills
  • PATIENT–CLINICIAN COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES
  • Establishing Rapport
  • Clarifying and Confirming Communication
  • Detailed Information Gathering
  • Empowerment and Engagement
  • COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
  • Appropriate Verbal Communication
  • Appropriate Nonverbal Communication
  • ADDRESSING SENSITIVE TOPICS IN CLINICAL SETTINGS
  • LEGAL AND ETHICAL COMMUNICATION
  • Informed Consent
  • Collaborating With a Medical Interpreter
  • NAVIGATING COMPLEX DISCUSSIONS
  • Disclosing Serious News
  • Advance Care Planning
  • ENCOURAGING PATIENT SELF-EFFICACY
  • Motivational Interviewing
  • Behavioral Counseling
  • ENHANCING INTERPROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION
  • MANAGING CHALLENGING PATIENT SITUATIONS AND BEHAVIORS
  • MAINTAINING PATIENT-CENTEREDNESS IN COMPUTERIZED CLINICAL SETTINGS
  • CHAPTER 3: Health History
  • INTRODUCTION
  • COMPONENTS OF THE ADULT HEALTH HISTORY
  • APPROACH TO THE PRESENTING CONCERN AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  • ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO SUPPORT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  • Ask About Alcohol History
  • Ask About Tobacco Use History
  • Ask About Recreational Drug Use History
  • Ask About Sexual History
  • REVIEW OF SYSTEMS
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • MODIFICATION OF THE CLINICAL INTERVIEW FOR VARIOUS CLINICAL SETTINGS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 4: Physical Examination
  • INTRODUCTION
  • CARDINAL TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION
  • Auscultating Through Clothing in Clinical Practice
  • BEGINNING THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  • Observe Standard and Universal Precautions
  • PERFORMING A HEAD-TO-TOE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  • Patient Positioning for Physical Examination
  • Comprehensive (Head-to-Toe) Physical Examination Sequence
  • ADAPTING THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: SPECIFIC PATIENT CONDITIONS
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • CHAPTER 5: Clinical Reasoning
  • DEVELOPING A DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  • BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE CLINICAL REASONING PROCESS
  • CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC ERRORS
  • CLINICAL REASONING: DOCUMENTATION
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 6: Clinical Communication and Presentation
  • COMMUNICATION IN CLINICAL SETTINGS
  • Written Documentation in Health Care
  • Oral Presentations in Health Care
  • DOCUMENTING THE HEALTH HISTORY
  • DOCUMENTING THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  • DOCUMENTING THE ASSESSMENT AND PLAN
  • Summary Statement
  • DOCUMENTING THE PROGRESS NOTES
  • CONDUCTING ORAL PRESENTATIONS FOR NEW PATIENTS
  • CONDUCTING ORAL PRESENTATIONS FOR ESTABLISHED PATIENTS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 7: Health Maintenance and Screening
  • CONCEPT OF PREVENTIVE CARE
  • SCREENING
  • BEHAVIORAL COUNSELING
  • Stages of Behavioral Change Model
  • IMMUNIZATIONS
  • GUIDELINE RECOMMENDATIONS
  • United States Preventive Services Task Force Approach
  • SCREENING GUIDELINES FOR ADULTS
  • SCREENING GUIDELINES ON UNHEALTHY BEHAVIORS IN ADULTS
  • IMMUNIZATION GUIDELINES FOR ADULTS
  • PREVENTIVE MEDICATION GUIDELINES
  • Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 8: Holistic Considerations in Health Care
  • INTRODUCTION
  • PATIENT-CENTERED CARE
  • Practical Strategies for Patient-Centered Care
  • DISPARITIES IN HEALTH CARE
  • Social Determinants of Health
  • Addressing Racism and Bias in Health Care
  • Cultural Humility
  • Trauma-Informed Care
  • Health Literacy
  • KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR LGBTQI+ HEALTH
  • Practical Strategies for Caring for LGBTQI+ Patients
  • Transgender Health
  • OTHER MAJOR CONSIDERATIONS
  • Spirituality
  • Decisional Capacity
  • Medical Ethics
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 9: POCUS: Foundations and Applications
  • POINT-OF-CARE ULTRASOUND (POCUS)
  • SOUND WAVES AND ULTRASOUND BASICS
  • Sound Waves
  • Acoustic Impedance in Ultrasound Imaging
  • ULTRASOUND EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUE
  • Ultrasound Transducers
  • IMAGE ACQUISITION
  • UNDERSTANDING IMAGING MODES
  • ULTRASOUND IMAGE OPTIMIZATION (“KNOBOLOGY”)
  • COMMON CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF POINT-OF-CARE ULTRASOUND
  • ASSESSING BLADDER VOLUME
  • POCUS Technique
  • Ultrasound Findings
  • EVALUATING CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
  • POCUS Technique
  • Ultrasound Findings
  • EVALUATING DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS
  • POCUS Technique
  • Ultrasound Findings
  • ASSESSING GALLBLADDER PATHOLOGY
  • POCUS Technique
  • Ultrasound Findings
  • IDENTIFYING INTRAPERITONEAL FREE FLUID
  • POCUS Technique
  • Ultrasound Findings
  • ASSESSING KNEE JOINT EFFUSION
  • POCUS Technique
  • Ultrasound Findings
  • EVALUATING LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC FUNCTION
  • POCUS Technique
  • Ultrasound Findings
  • MEASURING LIVER SIZE
  • POCUS Technique
  • Ultrasound Findings
  • DIAGNOSING PLEURAL EFFUSION
  • POCUS Technique
  • Ultrasound Findings
  • DETECTING PNEUMOTHORAX
  • POCUS Technique
  • Ultrasound Findings
  • EVALUATING NONPALPABLE PULSES
  • POCUS Technique
  • Ultrasound Findings
  • DISTINGUISHING SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE INFECTIONS
  • POCUS Technique
  • Ultrasound Findings
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • UNIT 2: Physical Examination Techniques
  • CHAPTER 10: General Survey, Vital Signs, and Pain
  • HEALTH HISTORY
  • Fatigue and Weakness
  • Fever
  • Weight Change
  • GENERAL SURVEY, VITAL SIGNS, AND PAIN ASSESSMENT
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION
  • Perform a General Survey
  • Measure Height and Weight
  • Measure Blood Pressure
  • Examine Arterial Pulses for Rate and Rhythm
  • Observe Respiratory Rate, Rhythm, Depth, and Effort
  • Measure Core Body Temperature
  • Assess for Acute and Chronic Pain
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • CHAPTER 11: Cognition, Behavior, and Mental Status
  • HEALTH HISTORY
  • Anxiety and Excessive Worrying
  • Depressed Mood
  • Memory Problems
  • Medically Unexplained Symptoms
  • MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION
  • Assess Appearance and Behavior Including Level of Consciousness
  • Assess Speech and Language
  • Assess Mood
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 12: Skin, Hair, and Nails
  • HEALTH HISTORY
  • Lesion
  • Rash
  • Itching (Pruritus)
  • Hair Loss (Alopecia)
  • SKIN, HAIR, AND NAILS EXAMINATION
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION
  • Examine the Hair and Scalp—Seated
  • Examine the Head and Neck—Seated
  • Examine the Upper Back—Seated
  • Examine the Shoulders, Arms, and Hands—Seated
  • Examine the Chest and Abdomen—Seated
  • Examine the Anterior Thighs and Legs—Seated
  • Examine the Feet and Toes—Seated
  • Examine the Lower Back, Posterior Thighs and Legs—Standing
  • Integrate a Full-Body Skin Examination
  • SPECIAL TECHNIQUES AND MANEUVERS
  • Instructing the Patient in Skin Self-Examination
  • Examining a Patient With Hair Loss
  • Evaluating a Patient Confined to Bed
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 13: Head and Neck
  • HEALTH HISTORY
  • Neck Mass or Lump
  • Thyroid Mass, Nodule, or Goiter
  • HEAD AND NECK EXAMINATION
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION
  • Examine the Hair
  • Examine the Scalp
  • Examine the Skull
  • Inspect Facial Contours
  • Inspect the Skin on the Head and Face
  • Palpate the Cervical Lymph Nodes
  • Examine the Trachea
  • Inspect the Thyroid Gland
  • Palpate the Thyroid Gland: Posterior Approach
  • Palpate the Thyroid Gland: Anterior Approach
  • Examine the Carotid Arteries and Jugular Veins
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 14: Eyes
  • HEALTH HISTORY
  • Blurred Vision
  • Eye Redness or Pain
  • EYE EXAMINATION
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION
  • Test Visual Acuity
  • Assess Visual Fields
  • Test Color Vision and Contrast Sensitivity
  • Assess Eye Position and Alignment
  • Inspect the Eyebrows
  • Inspect the Eyelids and Eyelashes
  • Inspect the Lacrimal Apparatus
  • Inspect the Conjunctivae and Sclerae
  • Inspect the Cornea, Iris, and Lens
  • Inspect the Pupils
  • Assess the Pupillary Light Reactions
  • Assess the Pupillary Near Reaction
  • Test Extraocular Muscle Movements Including Conjugate Movements
  • Test for Convergence
  • Perform a Funduscopic Examination (Direct Ophthalmoscopy)
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 15: Ears and Nose
  • HEALTH HISTORY
  • Hearing Loss
  • Earache and Ear Discharge
  • Vertigo
  • EARS AND NOSE EXAMINATION
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION: EARS
  • Examine the Auricle and Surrounding Tissue and Palpate the Tragus and Mastoid
  • Examine the Ear Canals and Tympanic Membranes (Otoscopy)
  • Test Auditory Acuity (Gross Hearing)
  • Test for Conductive Versus Sensorineural Hearing Loss
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION: NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES
  • Inspect the Anterior and Inferior Surfaces of the Nose
  • Test for Nasal Obstruction
  • Inspect the Nasal Cavity and Mucosa
  • Inspect the Nasal Septum
  • Inspect the Nasal Turbinates and Meatuses
  • Palpate the Paranasal Sinuses
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 16: Throat and Oral Cavity
  • HEALTH HISTORY
  • Sore Throat
  • Bleeding or Swollen Gums
  • Hoarseness
  • THROAT AND ORAL CAVITY EXAMINATION
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION
  • Inspect the Lips and Oral Mucosa
  • Palpate the Oral Mucosa
  • Inspect the Gingivae and Teeth
  • Inspect the Roof and Floor of the Mouth
  • Inspect the Tongue
  • Palpate the Tongue
  • Test the Hypoglossal Nerve (Cranial Nerve [CN] XII)
  • Inspect the Soft Palate, Anterior and Posterior Pillars, Uvula, Tonsils, and Pharynx
  • Test the Vagus Nerve (CN X)
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 17: Thorax and Lungs
  • HEALTH HISTORY
  • Shortness of Breath (Dyspnea)
  • Cough
  • Chest Pain or Discomfort
  • Blood-Streaked Sputum (Hemoptysis)
  • THORAX AND LUNG EXAMINATION
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION
  • Survey the Thorax and Respiration
  • Inspect the Thorax
  • Palpate the Thorax
  • Assess for Thoracic Expansion (Lung Excursion)
  • Assess for Tactile Fremitus
  • Percuss the Thorax
  • Identify Extent of Diaphragmatic Excursion
  • Auscultate the Lungs for Breath Sounds
  • Assess Transmitted Voice Sounds
  • SPECIAL TECHNIQUES AND MANEUVERS
  • Clinically Assess Pulmonary Function
  • Assess Forced Expiratory Time
  • Identify a Fractured Rib
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 18: Cardiovascular System
  • HEALTH HISTORY
  • Chest Pain
  • Palpitations
  • Swelling (Peripheral Edema)
  • CARDIOVASCULAR EXAMINATION
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION
  • Measure Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
  • Identify Jugular Venous Pressure
  • Auscultate for Carotid Bruits
  • Palpate the Carotid Arteries
  • Inspect and Palpate the Precordium
  • Auscultate the Precordium
  • Auscultate for Heart Murmurs
  • SPECIAL TECHNIQUES AND MANEUVERS
  • Identifying Prolapsed Mitral Valve
  • Identifying Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
  • Differentiating Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy from Aortic Stenosis
  • Identifying Heart Failure
  • Identifying Pulmonary Hypertension
  • Increasing Intensity of Systolic and Diastolic Murmurs
  • Augmenting Murmurs of Mitral and Atrial Regurgitation and Ventricular Septal Defect
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 19: Peripheral Vascular System
  • HEALTH HISTORY
  • Pain and/or Swelling of Legs With Intermittent Claudication
  • Pain and/or Swelling of Legs Without Claudication
  • Abdominal, Flank, or Back Pain
  • PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SYSTEM EXAMINATION
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION
  • Inspect the Upper Extremities
  • Palpate the Radial Pulse
  • Palpate the Brachial Pulse
  • Palpate for Epitrochlear Nodes
  • Examine the Abdominal Aorta
  • Palpate the Superficial Inguinal Nodes
  • Inspect the Lower Extremities
  • Assess the Temperature of the Feet and Legs
  • Palpate the Femoral Pulse
  • Palpate the Popliteal Pulse
  • Palpate the Posterior Tibial Pulse
  • Palpate the Dorsalis Pedis Pulse
  • Palpate for Pitting Edema
  • Palpate for Venous Tenderness or Cords
  • SPECIAL TECHNIQUES AND MANEUVERS
  • Measuring the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) to Evaluate Peripheral Arterial Disease
  • Evaluating Arterial Perfusion of the Hand
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 20: Breasts and Axillae
  • HEALTH HISTORY
  • Breast Lump or Mass
  • Breast Discomfort or Pain
  • Nipple Discharge
  • BREASTS AND AXILLAE EXAMINATION
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION
  • Inspect the Breasts in Four Views
  • Palpate the Breasts
  • Inspect the Axillae
  • Palpate the Central Axillary Nodes
  • Inspect the Breasts of Individuals Assigned Male at Birth
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 21: Abdomen
  • HEALTH HISTORY
  • Epigastric Pain
  • Right Upper Quadrant Abdominal Pain
  • Left Upper Quadrant Abdominal Pain
  • Right Lower Quadrant Abdominal Pain
  • Left Lower Quadrant Abdominal Pain
  • Hypogastric (Suprapubic) Pain
  • Nausea and Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Jaundice
  • ABDOMINAL EXAMINATION
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION
  • Inspect the Abdomen
  • Auscultate for Bowel Sounds
  • Auscultate for Abdominal Bruits
  • Palpate Lightly in all Four Abdominal Quadrants
  • Palpate Deeply in all Four Abdominal Quadrants
  • Percuss the Abdomen
  • Estimate Liver Size by Percussion
  • Palpate the Liver Edge
  • Percuss for Splenic Enlargement
  • Palpate for the Splenic Edge
  • SPECIAL TECHNIQUES AND MANEUVERS
  • Assessing for Possible Peritonitis
  • Assessing for Possible Ascites
  • Identifying Abdominal Organs and Masses in Ascites
  • Assessing for Abdominal Wall Mass
  • Assessing for Possible Acute Appendicitis
  • Assessing for Possible Acute Cholecystitis
  • Assessing for Ventral Hernias
  • Assessing for Kidney Pathology, Particularly Inflammation or Infection
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 22: Anus and Rectum
  • HEALTH HISTORY
  • Bloody Stool (Hematochezia)
  • Pain on Defecation
  • Anal and Perianal Lesions
  • ANAL AND RECTAL EXAMINATION
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION
  • Properly position the Patient
  • Inspect the Sacrococcygeal and Perianal Areas
  • Inspect the Anus
  • Perform a Digital Rectal Examination
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 23: Pelvis and Genitourinary System: Penis, Scrotum, and Prostate
  • HEALTH HISTORY
  • Pain on Urination (Dysuria)
  • Weak Urinary Stream
  • Penile Discharge or Lesions
  • Scrotal or Testicular Pain, Swelling, or Lesions
  • Erectile Dysfunction
  • PENIS, SCROTUM, AND PROSTATE EXAMINATION
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION
  • Inspect the Penile Skin, Prepuce, and Glans
  • Inspect the Urethral Meatus
  • Palpate the Shaft of the Penis
  • Inspect the Scrotum
  • Palpate Each Testis
  • Palpate the Epididymis
  • Examine the Spermatic Cords
  • Perform a Digital Rectal and Prostate Examination
  • Palpate the Posterior Surface of the Prostate
  • Evaluate Prostate Size, Consistency, and Symmetry
  • Test Fecal Material for Occult Blood, If Indicated
  • SPECIAL TECHNIQUES AND MANEUVERS
  • Evaluating a Suspected Inguinal Hernia
  • Evaluating a Suspected Femoral Hernia
  • Assessing for Scrotal Contents by Transillumination
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 24: Pelvis and Genitourinary System: Vulva, Vagina, Uterus, and Adnexa
  • HEALTH HISTORY
  • Painful Menstruation (Dysmenorrhea)
  • Absence of Menses (Amenorrhea)
  • Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
  • Pelvic Pain
  • Vulvovaginal Symptoms
  • Urinary Incontinence
  • VULVA, VAGINA, UTERUS, AND ADNEXA EXAMINATION
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION
  • Inspect the Vulva
  • Insert the Vaginal Speculum
  • Inspect the Cervix
  • Inspect the Vagina
  • Perform a Bimanual Examination
  • Palpate the Cervix
  • Palpate the Uterus
  • Palpate Each Ovary
  • Assess the Pelvic Floor Muscles
  • SPECIAL TECHNIQUES AND MANEUVERS
  • Obtaining Specimens for Cervical Cytology
  • Assessing for Rectal Vault Masses
  • Assessing for Labial Swelling
  • Checking for Urethritis
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 25: Musculoskeletal System: Neck, Shoulders, and Upper Extremities
  • HEALTH HISTORY
  • Neck Pain or Stiffness
  • Shoulder Pain or Stiffness
  • Elbow Pain or Stiffness
  • Wrist and Hand Pain or Stiffness
  • MUSCULOSKELETAL EXAMINATION: NECK, SHOULDERS, AND UPPER EXTREMITIES
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION: CERVICAL SPINE (NECK)
  • Inspect the Neck and Posture
  • Palpate the Muscles of the Neck
  • Palpate the Neck Surrounding Structures
  • Assess Cervical Spine Range of Motion
  • Perform Special Maneuvers (If Indicated)
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION: SHOULDER JOINT
  • Inspect the Shoulder and Associated Structures
  • Palpate the Shoulder and Associated Structures
  • Assess Shoulder Range of Motion
  • Perform Special Maneuvers (If Indicated)
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION: ELBOW JOINT
  • Inspect the Elbow Joint
  • Palpate the Elbow Joint and Surrounding Structures
  • Assess Elbow Joint Range of Motion
  • Perform Special Maneuvers (If Indicated)
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION: WRIST JOINT AND HAND
  • Inspect the Wrist
  • Inspect the Hand
  • Palpate the Wrist
  • Palpate the Hand
  • Assess Wrist, Fingers, and Thumb Range of Motion
  • Perform Special Maneuvers (If Indicated)
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 26: Musculoskeletal System: Lumbosacral Spine, Hip, and Lower Extremities
  • HEALTH HISTORY
  • Low Back Pain
  • Hip Pain
  • Knee Pain
  • Ankle Pain or Swelling
  • Foot Pain
  • MUSCULOSKELETAL EXAMINATION: LUMBOSACRAL SPINE, HIP, AND LOWER EXTREMITIES
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION: LUMBOSACRAL SPINE (LOWER BACK)
  • Inspect the Lumbosacral Spine and Adjoining Structures
  • Palpate the Lumbosacral Spine and Adjoining Structures
  • Assess Lumbosacral Spine Range of Motion
  • Perform Special Maneuvers (If Indicated)
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION: HIP JOINT
  • Inspect the Hip and Adjoining Structures
  • Palpate the Anterior Hip Landmarks
  • Palpate the Posterior Hip Landmarks
  • Assess Hip Joint Range of Motion
  • Perform Special Maneuvers (If Indicated)
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION: KNEE JOINT
  • Inspect the Knee and Surrounding Structures
  • Palpate the Knee and Surrounding Structures
  • Assess Knee Range of Motion
  • Perform Special Maneuvers (If Indicated)
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION: ANKLE JOINT AND FOOT
  • Inspect the Ankle Joint
  • Palpate the Ankle Joint and Adjoining Structures
  • Assess Ankle Joint and Foot Range of Motion
  • Perform Special Maneuvers (If Indicated)
  • SPECIAL TECHNIQUES AND MANEUVERS
  • Analyzing Gait
  • Measuring Leg Length
  • Screening for Scoliosis
  • Detecting Knee Joint Effusions
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 27: Nervous System
  • HEALTH HISTORY
  • Headache
  • Dizziness or Lightheadedness
  • Weakness
  • Syncope and Near-Syncope (Fainting or Blacking Out)
  • Seizures
  • NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION: CRANIAL NERVES
  • Test for Cranial Nerve I—Olfactory
  • Test for Cranial Nerve II—Optic
  • Test for Cranial Nerves II and III—Optic and Oculomotor
  • Test for Cranial Nerves III, IV, and VI—Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens
  • Test for Cranial Nerve V—Trigeminal
  • Test for Cranial Nerve VII—Facial
  • Test for Cranial Nerve VIII—Vestibulocochlear
  • Test for Cranial Nerves IX and X—Glossopharyngeal and Vagus
  • Test for Cranial Nerve XI—Spinal Accessory
  • Test for Cranial Nerve XII—Hypoglossal
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION: MOTOR SYSTEM
  • Assess the Motor System for Body Position, Involuntary Movements, and Muscle Characteristics
  • Test Abduction at the Shoulder (C5, C6—Deltoid)
  • Test Flexion and Extension at the Elbow
  • Test Flexion and Extension at the Wrist
  • Test Extension and Abduction of the Fingers
  • Test for Adduction and Abduction of the Thumb
  • Test Flexion and Extension at the Hips
  • Test Adduction and Abduction at the Hips
  • Test Flexion and Extension at the Knee
  • Test Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion of the Ankle
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION: MUSCLE STRETCH (DEEP TENDON) REFLEXES
  • Elicit the Biceps Reflex (C5, C6)
  • Elicit the Triceps Reflex (C6, C7)
  • Elicit the Brachioradialis Reflex (C5, C6)
  • Elicit the Quadriceps (Patellar) Reflex (L2–L4)
  • Elicit the Achilles (Ankle) Reflex (Primarily S1)
  • Test for Clonus (If Indicated)
  • Elicit the Plantar Response
  • Elicit Cutaneous (Superficial) Reflexes
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION: SENSATION, COORDINATION, STATION, AND GAIT
  • Assess Pain, Temperature, Light Touch, Vibration, and Proprioception
  • Assess Discriminative Sensations
  • Test Coordination (Rapid Alternating Movements)
  • Test Coordination (Point-to-Point Movements)
  • Perform Gait Assessment
  • Assess Station (Romberg Test)
  • SPECIAL TECHNIQUES AND MANEUVERS
  • Detecting Meningeal Signs
  • Assessing for Lumbosacral Radiculopathy: Straight-Leg Raise
  • Identifying Asterixis (Flapping Tremor)
  • Assessing for Scapular Winging
  • Evaluating the Neurologic Status of Comatose Patients
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • UNIT 3: Specialized Assessment Techniques
  • CHAPTER 28: Pediatric Assessment: Infancy Through Adolescence
  • INTRODUCTION
  • GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT
  • HEALTH HISTORY: GENERAL APPROACH FOR NEWBORNS AND INFANTS
  • SURVEILLANCE OF DEVELOPMENT: NEWBORNS AND INFANTS
  • PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: GENERAL APPROACH FOR NEWBORNS AND INFANTS
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION: NEWBORNS AND INFANTS
  • Assess the Apgar Score
  • Classify Gestational Age and Birth Weight
  • Conduct a General Survey
  • Measure Length, Weight, and Head Circumference
  • Measure Vital Signs
  • Inspect the Skin
  • Inspect the Head
  • Examine the Eyes
  • Examine the Ears
  • Inspect the Mouth and Pharynx
  • Palpate the Neck
  • Visually Inspect Respiratory Function
  • Examine the Thorax and Lungs
  • Assess for Cyanosis
  • Assess Noncardiac Findings
  • Palpate the Precordium
  • Auscultate Heart Rhythm
  • Auscultate Heart Sounds
  • Characterize Heart Murmurs
  • Palpate the Peripheral Pulses
  • Inspect the Breasts
  • Inspect the Abdomen
  • Auscultate the Abdomen
  • Percuss the Abdomen
  • Palpate the Liver
  • Palpate the Spleen
  • Inspect the Penis, Testes, and Scrotum
  • Inspect the Labia Majora, Minora, and Clitoris
  • Inspect the Rectum and Anus
  • Examine the Hands
  • Examine the Spine
  • Examine the Hips
  • Examine the Legs
  • Inspect the Feet
  • Assess Mental Status
  • Assess Motor Function and Tone
  • Assess Sensory Function
  • Test Cranial Nerves
  • Elicit Deep Tendon Reflexes
  • Assess Primitive Reflexes
  • Conduct the Developmental Assessment
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS: NEWBORN AND INFANT EXAMINATION
  • HEALTH HISTORY: GENERAL APPROACH FOR PRESCHOOL- AND SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN
  • SURVEILLANCE OF DEVELOPMENT: PRESCHOOL- AND SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN
  • Early Childhood: 1 to 4 Years
  • Middle Childhood: 5 to 10 Years
  • PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: GENERAL APPROACH FOR PRESCHOOL- AND SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION: PRESCHOOL- AND SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN
  • Measure Somatic Growth
  • Measure Blood Pressure
  • Measure Pulse Rate
  • Measure Respiratory Rate
  • Measure Temperature
  • Examine the Skin
  • Inspect the Head
  • Assess the Eyes
  • Examine the Ears
  • Inspect the Nose and Sinuses
  • Inspect the Mouth and Pharynx
  • Palpate the Neck
  • Examine the Thorax and Lungs
  • Auscultate the Heart and Vascular System
  • Inspect and Palpate the Abdomen
  • Examine the Penis and Scrotum
  • Examine the Vulva and Proximal Vagina
  • Inspect the Rectum and Anus
  • Inspect Posture and Movement
  • Assess Leg Alignment
  • Test for Tibial Torsion
  • Test for Femoral Torsion
  • Screen for Scoliosis
  • Determine Leg Length Discrepancy
  • Test for Hip Disease (Trendelenburg Sign)
  • Evaluate Motor Function
  • Test Sensation
  • Assess Cerebellar Function
  • Evaluate Gait
  • Check Hand Preference
  • Assess Cranial Nerves
  • Elicit Deep Tendon Reflexes
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS: PRESCHOOL- AND SCHOOL-AGE CHILD EXAMINATION
  • HEALTH HISTORY: GENERAL APPROACH FOR ADOLESCENTS
  • SURVEILLANCE OF DEVELOPMENT: ADOLESCENTS
  • HEEADSSS Assessment
  • PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: GENERAL APPROACH FOR ADOLESCENTS
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION: ADOLESCENTS
  • Measure Height and Weight
  • Measure Blood Pressure
  • Examine the Skin
  • Evaluate HEENT
  • Inspect the Thorax and Lungs
  • Examine the Breasts
  • Auscultate the Heart
  • Palpate the Abdomen
  • Examine Genitalia (Assigned Male at Birth)
  • Examine Genitalia (Assigned Female at Birth)
  • Evaluate the Rectum and Anus
  • Assess the Musculoskeletal System
  • Assess the Nervous System
  • SPECIAL TECHNIQUES AND MANEUVERS
  • Assessing for Scoliosis
  • Assess Back Symmetry With a Plumb Line
  • Conducting a Sports Preparticipation Physical Evaluation
  • Perform a Focused Neurologic Examination
  • Conduct a 2-Minute Musculoskeletal Screening Exam
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS: ADOLESCENT EXAMINATION
  • HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 29: Assessment During Pregnancy
  • PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES DURING PREGNANCY
  • INITIAL PRENATAL VISIT
  • Establishing Rapport
  • Documenting the Obstetric History
  • Determining Gestational Age and Expected Date of Delivery
  • Addressing Common Concerns during Pregnancy
  • SUBSEQUENT PRENATAL VISIT
  • PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: GENERAL APPROACH
  • TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION
  • Properly Position the Pregnant Person
  • Conduct a General Inspection
  • Measure Height, Weight, and Vital Signs
  • Inspect the Head and Neck
  • Inspect, Percuss, and Auscultate the Thorax and Lungs
  • Examine the Heart
  • Examine the Breasts
  • Inspect the Abdomen
  • Measure the Fundal Height and Assess Fetal Position
  • Examine the External Genitalia
  • Inspect the Cervix for Color, Shape, and Closure
  • Evaluate the Cervix
  • Examine the Extremities
  • SPECIAL TECHNIQUES AND MANEUVERS
  • Assessing Fetal Position (Leopold Maneuvers)
  • RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS
  • HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • CHAPTER 30: Assessment of Older Adults
  • ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES IN OLDER ADULTS
  • COMMUNICATING EFFECTIVELY WITH OLDER ADULTS
  • GERIATRIC 5Ms
  • HEALTH HISTORY: APPLYING THE 5Ms FRAMEWORK
  • Mind
  • Mobility
  • Medications
  • Multicomplexity
  • Matters Most
  • ADJUSTMENTS IN PHYSICAL EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES FOR OLDER ADULTS
  • GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT: APPLYING THE 5Ms FRAMEWORK
  • Mind
  • Mobility
  • Medications
  • Multicomplexity
  • Matters Most
  • HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • When to Screen
  • Immunizations
  • Cancer Screening
  • Additional Recommendations for Older Adults
  • INTERPRETATION AIDS
  • APPENDIX A: Illness Scripts
  • APPENDIX B: Clinical Algorithms
  • APPENDIX C: Physical Examination Modifications for Patients With Medical Devices and Procedures
  • Index