An Introduction to Orthodontics

Höfundar: Simon J. Littlewood; Laura Mitchell (Útgáfa: 5)
An Introduction to Orthodontics

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Hailed as 'superb', 'thorough', and 'contemporary', this is the essential orthodontics text for all staff involved in orthodontic treatment, whether they are dental students, orthodontic therapists, postgraduate students at the beginning of their career, or more experienced clinicians wanting an evidence-based, concise update on the foundations of contemporary orthodontic care. With over 700 illustrations and plenty of case studies, An Introduction to Orthodontics, Fifth Edition is a user-friendly introduction to the subject.

Continuing its well-deserved reputation, it is the perfect starting point for learning key concepts and the practical aspects of orthodontics. The new fifth edition has been completely updated to reflect contemporary practice, including a new chapter dedicated to hypodontia and orthodontics, and a new chapter on the fastest growing area in orthodontics, clear aligners. Readers will find further reading and references at the end of each chapter, including references to appropriate Cochrane Reviews to aid revision and support clinical practice.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Oxford University Press Academic UK
ISBN
9780192539595
Print ISBN
9780198808664
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
5
Höfundar
Simon J. Littlewood; Laura Mitchell
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2019-03-16
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100
Prent takmörkun
2
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Cover
  • Halftitle
  • Title
  • Copyright
  • Preface for fifth edition
  • Online Resources
  • Brief contents
  • Detailed contents
  • 1   The rationale for orthodontic treatment (S. K. Barber)
  • 1.1   Orthodontics
  • 1.2   Malocclusion
  • 1.3   Rationale for orthodontic treatment
  • 1.4   Potential benefits to dental health
  • 1.5   Potential benefits for oral health-related quality of life
  • 1.6   Potential risks of orthodontic treatment
  • 1.7   Discussing orthodontic treatment need
  • 2   The aetiology and classification of malocclusion (L. Mitchell)
  • 2.1   The aetiology of malocclusion
  • 2.2   Classifying malocclusion
  • 2.3   Commonly used classifications and indices
  • 2.4   Andrews’ six keys
  • 3   Management of the developing dentition (L. Mitchell)
  • 3.1   Normal dental development
  • 3.2   Abnormalities of eruption and exfoliation
  • 3.3   Mixed dentition problems
  • 3.4   Planned extraction of deciduous teeth
  • 3.5   What to refer and when
  • 4   Craniofacial growth and the cellular basis of tooth movement (F. R. Jenkins)
  • 4.1   Introduction
  • 4.2   Early craniofacial development
  • 4.3   Mechanisms of bone formation and growth
  • 4.4   Control of craniofacial growth
  • 4.5   Postnatal craniofacial growth
  • 4.6   Growth rotations
  • 4.7   Growth of the soft tissues
  • 4.8   Growth prediction
  • 4.9   The cellular basis of tooth movement
  • 4.10   Cellular events associated with excess force
  • 4.11   Cellular events during root resorption
  • 4.12   Summary
  • 5   Orthodontic assessment (S. J. Littlewood)
  • 5.1   Introduction to orthodontic assessment
  • 5.2   Taking an orthodontic history
  • 5.3   Clinical examination in three dimensions
  • 5.4   Extra-oral examination
  • 5.5   Intra-oral examination
  • 5.6   Diagnostic records
  • 5.7   Forming a problem list
  • 5.8   Case study: example case to demonstrate orthodontic assessment
  • 6   Cephalometrics (S. K. Barber)
  • 6.1   The cephalostat
  • 6.2   Indications for cephalometric evaluation
  • 6.3   Evaluating a cephalometric radiograph
  • 6.4   Cephalometric analysis: general points
  • 6.5   Commonly used cephalometric points and reference lines
  • 6.6   Anteroposterior skeletal pattern
  • 6.7   Vertical skeletal pattern
  • 6.8   Incisor position
  • 6.9   Soft tissue analysis
  • 6.10   Assessing growth and treatment changes
  • 6.11   Cephalometric errors
  • 6.12   3D cephalometric analysis
  • 7   Treatment planning (S. J. Littlewood)
  • 7.1   Introduction
  • 7.2   General objectives of orthodontic treatment
  • 7.3   Forming an orthodontic problem list
  • 7.4   Aims of orthodontic treatment
  • 7.5   Skeletal problems and treatment planning
  • 7.6   Basic principles in orthodontic treatment planning
  • 7.7   Space analysis
  • 7.8   Valid consent and the orthodontic treatment plan
  • 7.9   Conclusions
  • 7.10   Case study: example case to demonstrate treatment planning
  • 8   Class I (Benjamin R. K. Lewis)
  • 8.1   Aetiology
  • 8.2   Crowding
  • 8.3   Spacing
  • 8.4   Early loss of first permanent molars
  • 8.5   Displaced teeth
  • 8.6   Vertical discrepancies
  • 8.7   Transverse discrepancies
  • 8.8   Bimaxillary proclination
  • 8.9   Trauma
  • 9   Class II division 1 (S. J. Littlewood)
  • 9.1   Aetiology
  • 9.2   Objectives of treating Class II division 1 malocclusions
  • 9.3   Treatment planning for Class II division 1 malocclusions
  • 10   Class II division 2 (S. K. Barber)
  • 10.1   Aetiology
  • 10.2   Common features of Class II division 2 malocclusion
  • 10.3   Aims of treatment
  • 10.4   Treatment methods
  • 11   Class III (Benjamin R. K. Lewis)
  • 11.1   Aetiology
  • 11.2   Occlusal features
  • 11.3   Treatment planning in Class III malocclusions
  • 11.4   Treatment options
  • 12   Anterior open bite and posterior open bite (Benjamin R. K. Lewis)
  • 12.1   Definitions
  • 12.2   Aetiology of anterior open bite
  • 12.3   Management of anterior open bite
  • 12.4   Posterior open bite
  • 13   Crossbites (Benjamin R. K. Lewis)
  • 13.1   Definitions
  • 13.2   Aetiology
  • 13.3   Types of crossbite
  • 13.4   Management
  • 14   Canines (L. Mitchell)
  • 14.1   Facts and figures
  • 14.2   Normal development
  • 14.3   Aetiology of maxillary canine displacement
  • 14.4   Interception of displaced canines
  • 14.5   Assessing maxillary canine position
  • 14.6   Management of buccal displacement
  • 14.7   Management of palatal displacement
  • 14.8   Resorption
  • 14.9   Transposition
  • 15   Anchorage planning (Benjamin R. K. Lewis)
  • 15.1   Introduction
  • 15.2   Assessing anchorage requirements
  • 15.3   Classification of anchorage
  • 15.4   Intra-oral anchorage
  • 15.5   Extra-oral anchorage
  • 15.6   Monitoring anchorage during treatment
  • 15.7   Common problems with anchorage
  • 15.8   Summary
  • 16   Retention (S. J. Littlewood)
  • 16.1   Introduction
  • 16.2   Definition of relapse and post-treatment changes
  • 16.3   Aetiology of post-treatment changes
  • 16.4   How common are post-treatment changes?
  • 16.5   Consent and the responsibilities of retention
  • 16.6   Retainers
  • 16.7   Adjunctive techniques used to reduce post-treatment changes
  • 16.8   Conclusions about retention
  • 17   Removable appliances (L. Mitchell)
  • 17.1   Mode of action of removable appliances
  • 17.2   Designing removable appliances
  • 17.3   Active components
  • 17.4   Retaining the appliance
  • 17.5   Baseplate
  • 17.6   Commonly used removable appliances
  • 17.7   Fitting a removable appliance
  • 17.8   Monitoring progress
  • 17.9   Appliance repairs
  • 18   Fixed appliances (Benjamin R. K. Lewis)
  • 18.1   Principles of fixed appliances
  • 18.2   Indications for the use of fixed appliances
  • 18.3   Components of fixed appliances
  • 18.4   Treatment planning for fixed appliances
  • 18.5   Practical procedures
  • 18.6   Fixed appliance systems
  • 18.7   Demineralization and fixed appliances
  • 18.8   Starting with fixed appliances
  • 19   Functional appliances (S. J. Littlewood)
  • 19.1   Definition
  • 19.2   History
  • 19.3   Overview
  • 19.4   Case study: functional appliance
  • 19.5   Timing of treatment
  • 19.6   Types of malocclusion treated with functional appliances
  • 19.7   Types of functional appliance
  • 19.8   Clinical management of functional appliances
  • 19.9   How functional appliances work
  • 19.10   How successful are functional appliances?
  • 20   Adult orthodontics (S. J. Littlewood)
  • 20.1   Introduction
  • 20.2   Comprehensive, adjunctive, or limited treatment orthodontics
  • 20.3   Specific challenges in adult orthodontic treatment
  • 20.4   Orthodontics and periodontal disease
  • 20.5   Orthodontic treatment as an adjunct to restorative work
  • 20.6   Aesthetic orthodontic appliances
  • 20.7   Obstructive sleep apnoea and mandibular advancement splints
  • 21   Orthodontic aligners (S. K. Barber)
  • 21.1   Definition of orthodontic aligners
  • 21.2   History of aligners
  • 21.3   Tooth movement with aligners
  • 21.4   Clinical stages in aligner treatment
  • 21.5   Digital aligner construction
  • 21.6   Uses for aligners
  • 21.7   Advantages and limitations of orthodontic aligners
  • 22   Orthodontics and orthognathic surgery (S. J. Littlewood)
  • 22.1   Introduction
  • 22.2   Indications for treatment
  • 22.3   Objectives of combined orthodontics and orthognathic surgery
  • 22.4   The importance of the soft tissues
  • 22.5   Diagnosis and treatment plan
  • 22.6   Planning
  • 22.7   Common surgical procedures
  • 22.8   Sequence of treatment
  • 22.9   Retention and relapse
  • 22.10   3D developments in orthognathic surgery: planning, simulation, and guided surgery
  • 23   Hypodontia and orthodontics (S. K. Barber)
  • 23.1   Definition
  • 23.2   Aetiology
  • 23.3   Features of hypodontia
  • 23.4   Impact of hypodontia
  • 23.5   Treatment in the primary dentition
  • 23.6   Treatment in the mixed dentition
  • 23.7   Treatment in the permanent dentition
  • 24   Cleft lip and palate and other craniofacial anomalies (L. Mitchell)
  • 24.1   Prevalence
  • 24.2   Aetiology
  • 24.3   Classification
  • 24.4   Problems in management
  • 24.5   Coordination of care
  • 24.6   Management
  • 24.7   Audit of cleft palate care
  • 24.8   Other craniofacial anomalies
  • 25   Orthodontic first aid (L. Mitchell)
  • 25.1   Fixed appliance
  • 25.2   Removable appliance
  • 25.3   Functional appliance
  • 25.4   Headgear
  • 25.5   Miscellaneous
  • Definitions
  • Orthodontic assessment form
  • Index