An Introduction to Conservation Biology
Höfundur:
Anna Sher (Útgáfa: 3)
Kaup valmöguleikar
An Introduction to Conservation Biology is the only text designed for both aspiring conservation biologists and non-majors who are interested in this topical field, providing up-to-date perspectives on high-profile issues such as sustainable development, global warming, and strategies to save species on the verge of extinction. The book focuses successively on biological diversity and its value; threats to biological diversity; conservation at the population and species levels; protecting, managing and restoring ecosystems; and sustainable development.
Each chapter is beautifully illustrated in full color with diverse examples from the current literature. Chapters begin with guiding conservation biology principles and end with study aids such as summaries, an annotated list of suggested readings, and discussion questions. Throughout, the authors maintain a focus on the active role that scientists, local people, conservation organizations, government, and the general public play in protecting biodiversity, even while providing for human needs.
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- Oxford University Press Academic US
- 9780197559079
- 9780197564370
- ePub
- 3
- Anna Sher
- English
- 2022-02-04
- 100
- 2
- 2
Kaflar
- Cover Page
- Title page
- About the Cover
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Preface
- New to the Third Edition
- Acknowledgments
- About the Author
- Media & Supplements to accompany An Introduction to Conservation Biology Third Edition
- enhanced e-book (ISBN 978-0-19755-907-9)
- 1 Defining Conservation Biology
- 1.1 The New Science of Conservation Biology
- The roots of conservation biology
- A new science is born
- The interdisciplinary approach: A case study with sea turtles
- 1.2 The Organizational Values of Conservation Biology
- 1.3 Looking to the Future
- Summary
- For Discussion
- Suggested Readings
- List of Key Terms
- 2 What Is Biodiversity?
- 2.1 Species Diversity
- What is a species?
- Measuring species diversity
- 2.2 Genetic Diversity
- How does genetic diversity arise?
- Measuring genetic diversity
- 2.3 Ecosystem Diversity
- What are communities and ecosystems?
- Species interactions within ecosystems
- Trophic levels
- Food chains and food webs
- Keystone species and resources
- Ecosystem dynamics
- 2.4 Biodiversity Worldwide
- How many species exist worldwide?
- Where is the world’s biodiversity found?
- Tropical Forests
- Oceanic Diversity
- Lakes and Rivers
- Mediterranean-Type Communities
- The distribution of species
- Summary
- For Discussion
- Suggested Readings
- List of Key Terms
- 3 The Value of Biodiversity
- 3.1 Ecological and Environmental Economics
- Cost-benefit analysis
- Financing conservation
- What are species worth?
- Ecosystem services
- 3.2 Use Values
- Direct use values
- Consumptive use value
- Productive use value
- Forest Products
- The Natural Pharmacy
- Indirect use values
- Ecosystem productivity
- Water and soil protection
- Climate regulation
- Species relationships and environmental monitors
- Amenity value
- Educational and scientific value
- Multiple uses of a single resource: A case study
- 3.3 The Long-Term View: Option Value
- 3.4 Existence Value
- 3.5 Environmental Ethics
- Ethical values of biodiversity
- Each Species has a Right to Exist
- All Species are Interdependent
- People have a Responsibility to act as Stewards of the Earth
- People have a Responsibility to Future Generations
- Respect for Human Life and Human Diversity is Compatible with a Respect for Biodiversity
- People Benefit from Aesthetic and Recreational Enjoyment of Biodiversity
- People Benefit from the Knowledge the Natural world Provides
- Deep ecology
- Summary
- For Discussion
- Suggested Readings
- List of Key Terms
- 4 Threats to Biodiversity: Habitat Change
- 4.1 Human Population Growth and Its Impact
- 4.2 Habitat Destruction
- Tropical rain forests
- Other threatened habitats
- Tropical Deciduous Forests
- Grasslands
- Freshwater Habitats
- Marine Coastal Areas
- Mangroves
- Coral Reefs
- Desertification
- 4.3 Habitat Fragmentation
- Threats posed by habitat fragmentation
- Limits to Dispersal and Colonization
- Restricted Access to Food and Mates
- Creation of Smaller Populations
- Interspecies Interactions
- Edge effects
- 4.4 Environmental Degradation and Pollution
- Pesticide pollution
- Water pollution
- Air pollution
- Acid Rain
- Ozone Production and Nitrogen Deposition
- Toxic Metals
- 4.5 A Concluding Remark and Reason for Hope
- Summary
- For Discussion
- Suggested Readings
- List of Key Terms
- 5 Climate Change and Other Threats to Biodiversity
- 5.1 Global Climate Change
- The relationship between carbon and temperature
- Cascading effects of increased temperature
- Ocean acidification, warming, and rising sea level
- Shifting species ranges and other impacts
- 5.2 Overexploitation
- International wildlife trade
- Commercial harvesting
- 5.3 Invasive Species
- Threats posed by invasive species
- Invasive species on oceanic islands
- Invasive species in aquatic habitats
- The ability of species to become invasive
- Control of invasive species
- GMOs and conservation biology
- 5.4 Disease
- 5.5 A Concluding Remark
- Summary
- For Discussion
- Suggested Readings
- List of Key Terms
- 6 Extinction Risk
- 6.1 The Meaning of “Extinct”
- The current, human-caused mass extinction
- Local extinctions
- Extinction rates in aquatic environments
- 6.2 Measuring Extinction
- Background extinction rates
- Extinction rate predictions and the island biogeography model
- Extinction rates and habitat loss
- 6.3 Vulnerability to Extinction
- 6.4 Problems of Small Populations
- Loss of genetic diversity
- Consequences of reduced genetic diversity
- Inbreeding Depression
- Outbreeding Depression
- Loss of Evolutionary Flexibility
- Factors that determine effective population size
- Unequal Sex Ratio
- Variation in Reproductive Output
- Population Fluctuations and Bottlenecks
- Managing for Genetic Variation
- The impact of stochasticity
- Demographic Stochasticity
- Environmental Stochasticity and Catastrophes
- The Extinction Vortex
- Summary
- For Discussion
- Suggested Readings
- List of Key Terms
- 7 Conserving Populations and Species
- 7.1 Applied Population Biology
- Researching existing information
- Peer-Reviewed Literature
- “Gray” Literature
- Other Online Sources
- New data through fieldwork
- Census
- Survey
- Demographic Study
- Laboratory Analysis of Biological Material
- Population viability analysis (PVA)
- Minimum viable population (MVP)
- Metapopulations
- Long-term monitoring
- 7.2 Conservation Categories
- 7.3 Prioritization: What Should Be Protected?
- The species approach
- The ecosystem approach
- The wilderness approach
- The hotspot approach
- 7.4 Legal Protection of Species
- National laws
- International agreements
- Summary
- For Discussion
- Suggested Readings
- List of Key Terms
- 8 Establishing New Populations and Ex Situ Conservation
- 8.1 Establishing and Reinforcing Populations
- Special considerations for animal programs
- Behavioral ecology of released animals
- Establishing plant populations
- The status of new populations
- 8.2 Ex Situ Conservation Strategies
- Zoos
- Aquariums
- Botanical gardens
- Seed banks
- 8.3 Can Technology Bring Back Extinct Species?
- Summary
- For Discussion
- Suggested Readings
- List of Key Terms
- 9 Protected Areas
- 9.1 Establishment and Classification of Protected Areas
- Marine protected areas
- The effectiveness of protected areas
- Measuring effectiveness: Gap analysis
- 9.2 Designing Protected Areas
- Protected area size and characteristics
- 9.3 Networks of Protected Areas
- Habitat corridors
- 9.4 Landscape Ecology and Park Design
- 9.5 Managing Protected Areas
- Managing sites
- Keystone Resources
- Monitoring sites
- Management and people
- Zoning as a solution to conflicting demands
- Biosphere reserves
- 9.6 Challenges to PA Management
- Poaching
- Trophy hunting
- Human-animal conflict
- Degradation
- Climate change
- Funding and personnel
- Summary
- For Discussion
- Suggested Readings
- List of Key Terms
- 10 Conservation Outside Protected Areas
- 10.1 The Value of Unprotected Habitat
- Military land
- Unprotected ecosystems
- Forests
- Grasslands
- Unprotected Waters
- Land that is undesirable to humans
- Private land
- 10.2 Conservation in Urban and Other Human-Dominated Areas
- Urban areas
- Other human-dominated landscapes
- 10.3 Ecosystem Management
- 10.4 Working with Local People
- Biosphere reserves
- In situ agricultural conservation
- Extractive reserves
- Community-based initiatives
- Payments for ecosystem services
- Evaluating conservation initiatives that involve traditional societies
- 10.5 Case Studies: Namibia and Kenya
- Summary
- For Discussion
- Suggested Readings
- List of Key Terms
- 11 Restoration Ecology
- 11.1 Where to Start?
- 11.2 Restoration in Urban Areas
- 11.3 Restoration Using Organisms
- 11.4 Moving Targets of Restoration
- 11.5 Restoration of Some Major Communities
- Wetlands
- Aquatic systems
- Prairies and farmlands
- Tropical dry forest in Costa Rica
- 11.6 The Future of Restoration Ecology
- Summary
- For Discussion
- Suggested Readings
- List of Key Terms
- 12 The Challenges of Sustainable Development
- 12.1 Sustainable Development at the Local Level
- Local and regional conservation regulations
- Land trusts and related strategies
- Enforcement and public benefits
- 12.2 Conservation at the National Level
- 12.3 International Approaches to Sustainable Development
- International Earth summits
- International agreements that protect habitat
- 12.4 Funding for Conservation
- International assistance and the World Bank
- Environmental trust funds
- Debt-for-nature swaps
- Other sources of funding
- How effective is conservation funding?
- Summary
- For Discussion
- Suggested Readings
- List of Key Terms
- 13 An Agenda for the Future
- 13.1 Ongoing Problems and Possible Solutions
- 13.2 The Role of Conservation Biologists
- Challenges for conservation biologists
- Achieving the agenda
- Summary
- For Discussion
- Suggested Readings
- Appendix Selected Environmental Organizations and Sources of Information
- Glossary
- Bibliography
- Chapter 1
- Chapter 2
- Chapter 3
- Chapter 4
- Chapter 5
- Chapter 6
- Chapter 7
- Chapter 8
- Chapter 9
- Chapter 10
- Chapter 11
- Chapter 12
- Chapter 13
- Index
- List of Illustrations
- List of Tables