6+1 Proposals for Journalism
Kaup valmöguleikar
In 2003, Bowman and Willis wrote that “journalism is in the process of redefining itself, adjusting to the disruptive forces surrounding it”. Almost two decades later, the discussion about journalism and its future has not shifted as much as one would have expected. Between then and now, there have been massive changes in the media landscape and great technological developments – financial crises and the emergence of social media platforms, to name a few examples.
It could be argued that we still share the same concerns. This book is essentially a dialogue – each chapter contributes to this dialogue, by highlighting the crisis elements and by pointing to direct proposals. The idea for the present volume emerged through a respective conference – the proposals presented in this book are the direct result of the Advanced Media Institute’s Conference in Thessaloniki, Greece, entitled “Media, Polis, Agora: Journalism & Communication in the Digital Era” (AMIRetreat2018), held in September 2018.
The outcome of the intensive and fruitful collaboration between academics and media professionals was the identification of seven key areas that pose obstacles to journalism’s progression, but also indicate the steps we need to take to safeguard and enhance journalism. These areas vary from the current employment conditions and the dominance of “web giants” over crowdfunding, the closer collaboration of professionals and academia, the need to advance our media literacy efforts, and of course, elements of media regulation (as for example, the institution of “Media Ombudsman”).
The starting point for the book is the Greek context. However, the book goes beyond Greece alone. In this context Greece is regarded as part of an international journalistic context that resides within to the crisis narrative, the new opportunities and the proposed solutions. Greece offers an interesting point of departure not only because the financial crisis was/is evidently interlinked to the journalistic one, but also because the manifestations of this crisis were/are substantial and widespread across various societal layers.
Therefore, it arguably serves as an example that indicates tendencies in other countries. The book is structured into 7 proposals, and each proposal includes two parts: one that discusses the topic through the “Greek prism” and one that provides a perspective of the topic as exemplified by another European country. Each proposal also puts forward two perspectives: an academic perspective and a professional perspective.
Nánar um bókina
- Ingram Publisher Services UK- Academic
- 9781789386516
- 9781789386493
- ePub
- 1
- Sofia Iordanidou and Chrysi Dagoula
- English
- 2022-05-13
- 100
- 2
- 2
Kaflar
- Cover
- Half Title
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Contents
- List of Illustrations
- Foreword
- Introduction
- Book outline
- Part I: Funding journalism in the digital era
- Proposal 1: ‘Web Giants’
- Proposal 2: Other types of funding
- Part II: Journalists’ working conditions
- Proposal 3: Employment conditions
- Proposal 4: ‘Media Ombudsman’
- Part III: Journalism education
- Proposal 5: Technology and education
- Proposal 6: Academia and professionals
- Proposal 7: Media literacy
- Conclusion
- References
- Part I Funding Journalism in the Digital Era
- Proposal 1 ‘Web Giants’:
- 1 Internet Giants’ Dominance and the Perils of Heteronomy for Digital Journalism
- Introduction
- Advertising dependence of the internet
- Consequences on journalistic practices
- Ownership of the means of distribution of news
- Social media: Essential but ambiguous tools for journalists
- Conclusion
- References
- 2 Taxing the Internet Oligopoly and Helping Independent Media Survive: A Summary of Recent International Developments and Proposals
- Introduction
- Taxing times
- The European Copyright Directive
- Tax initiatives
- Plans to save journalism
- Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Proposal 2 Other Types of Funding
- 3 Crowdfunding, Crowdsourcing and Crowdcreation in Greek and Cypriot Media Websites
- Introduction
- Crowdfunding, crowdsourcing and crowdcreation
- The case of Greece and Cyprus
- The study
- Similarities and differences of the websites
- Crowdfunding as a vital tool for journalism’s viability
- References
- 4 Funding Journalism: Toward New Revenue Streams and Diversity of Business Models
- Introduction
- Key considerations and terminology
- Community engagement
- Types of funding and revenue streams
- Membership
- Subscriptions
- Donations
- Products
- Grant funding
- Commercial collaborations
- Crowdfunding
- Recommendations
- References
- PART II Journalists’ Working Conditions
- Proposal 3 Employment Conditions
- 5 Clicks über alles: Digital Labour and Greek Digital Media
- Introduction
- Media labour in Greece
- Purposeful sampling and thematic analysis
- ‘Under the counter’ wages, copy-paste and the need for speed
- Working conditions
- Type of produced content
- Qualification requirements and tools
- The main skill: The need for speed
- Worrisome implications
- References
- 6 Between a Rock and a Hard Place:Continued Struggle of Media and Journalism in Bulgaria’s Media System
- Introduction and background
- Corruption and media
- Violence and self-censorship
- Ownership and income
- Conclusion
- References
- Proposal 4 ‘Media Ombudsman’
- 7 The Media Ombudsman Institution
- Introduction
- Ethics and enforcement
- The subject matter: A media ombudsman
- Accountability mechanism
- Scope
- Stakeholders involved
- Public and private media
- The selection process
- Administrative status
- Management interlocutor
- Resources needed
- Independence
- Extroversion
- Confidentiality
- Tasks
- Advising role
- Mediation mission
- Compliance monitoring
- Conclusion
- Notes
- Further Reading
- References
- PART III Journalism Education
- Proposal 5 Technology and Education
- 8 Why Do We Need Trained Journalists? The Need for an Improved Training for Media Professionals Today and the Responsibility of Media Companies
- Introduction
- The need for ongoing journalism training
- The changing role of education: Journalism in the digital era and the need for new (old) skills
- Why the improved training of every professional in the media is a necessity today and the role of media companies
- Conclusion
- References
- 9 Social Media: Further Anxieties for Media and Journalists?
- Introduction
- Focus: Twitter as a journalistic tool
- Twitter through the prism of opportunities and challenges
- Opportunities
- Challenges
- Adaption: A long process
- Pressures, anxiety, solutions
- Notes
- References
- Proposal 6 Academia and Professionals
- 10 Bridging the Gap between Journalists and Media Academics
- Introduction
- The gap exists for everyone
- Bourdieu and a famous conflict
- The ‘inside’ context
- The social context
- The urgency of a bridge
- References
- 11 Opportunities and Challenges for Academic Engagement in the Multi-Stakeholder Agenda to Safeguard Journalists
- Introduction
- Understanding the academic contribution to the agenda to safeguard journalism: Current challenges
- Possibilities for the collaborative co-production of knowledge through platforms of exchange between academic and non-academic actors
- Opportunities for academic contributions to the multi-stakeholder agenda to safeguard journalism: A proposal
- Notes
- References
- Proposal 7 Media Literacy
- 12 Accessing, Evaluating and Engaging with News: The Value of a User-Centric Approach for Rethinking Media Literacy
- Introduction
- Evaluating news and discerning misinformation
- Engaging with news and managing privacy
- Accessing news and personalizing news environments
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Note
- References
- 13 Media Literacy Meets the Twenty-First-Century Challenges
- Introduction
- What is media literacy?
- Five key questions and competences
- Media Literacy Initiatives
- Good practices of media literacy
- European School Radio: Fighting hate speech (Greece)
- Analysing the media critically (Greece)
- Media Education Month (Cyprus)
- CAT – Cyprus Artefact Treasure in Action
- Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- In Lieu of a Conclusion ‘Media, Polis, Agora’, a Challenging Exploration Mission
- Notes
- Notes on Contributors